TC6 titanium alloy introduction

● TC6 titanium alloy characteristics and applications: It is a two-phase titanium alloy with a complex microstructure. Has the advantages of low density, high strength, corrosion resistance, etc.
It is more complicated than general titanium alloy machining procedures and has more fires. Different forging temperatures have a great impact on its structure. Therefore, its material cost is expensive and it is difficult to perform forging.
TC6 titanium alloy has good microstructure and performance stability under 300 ℃ / 5000h in ordinary annealing state, and the high-temperature properties such as instantaneous tensile, creep, and durability at different temperatures are equivalent to those of double annealing and isothermal annealing. The TC6 titanium alloy semi-finished product after ordinary annealing treatment can meet the requirements of the aircraft structural parts at the operating temperature (below 300 ° C).
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Problems to be paid attention to when cutting titanium

Titanium is a new type of metal, and its properties are related to the content of impurities such as carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. The main performance has the following aspects?
(1) Higher specific strength. The density of titanium alloy is generally around 4.5g / cm3, which is only 60% of steel. The strength of pure titanium is close to that of ordinary steel. Some high-strength titanium alloys exceed the strength of many alloy structural sheets of steel. Therefore, the specific strength (strength/density) of the titanium alloy is much larger than that of other metal structural materials, and parts and components with high unit strength, good rigidity, and lightweight can be produced. Currently, titanium alloys are used in aircraft engine components, skeletons, skins, fasteners, and landing gear.
(2) High thermal strength. Titanium alloy still has high specific strength in the range of 150 ° C to 500 ° C, while the specific strength of aluminum alloy decreases significantly at 150 ° C. Titanium alloys can operate at temperatures up to 500 ° C, and aluminum alloys below 200 ° C.
(3) Good corrosion resistance. Titanium alloy works in a humid atmosphere and seawater medium, and its corrosion resistance is far better than that of stainless steel; it is particularly resistant to pitting, acid, and stress corrosion; organic objects such as alkali, chloride, and chlorine, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid And so have excellent corrosion resistance. However, titanium has poor resistance to reducing oxygen and chromium salt media.
(4) Good low-temperature performance. Titanium alloys can still maintain their mechanical properties at low and ultra-low temperatures. Titanium alloys with good low-temperature properties and extremely low interstitial elements, such as TA7, can still maintain a certain degree of plasticity at -253 ° C. Therefore, titanium alloy is also an important low-temperature structural material.
(5) Large chemical activity. Titanium has a large chemical activity, and it has a strong chemical reaction with O, N, H, CO, CO2, water vapor, ammonia, etc. in the atmosphere, and easily adheres to the friction surface.
(6) Small thermal conductivity and small elastic modulus. Titanium has a low thermal conductivity, so it has poor rigidity and is easy to deform. It is not suitable for making slender rods and thin-walled parts. The machining surface has a large amount of spring back during cutting, which may cause severe friction, adhesion, and stickiness on the flank of the tool. Knot wear.
 In view of these chemical properties of titanium, what issues should be paid attention to during the cutting of titanium plate?
(1) For semi-automatic cutting, the guide rail should be placed on the plane of the titanium plate, and then the cutting machine should be placed on the guide rail. Note that the order cannot be reversed.
(2) The cutting parameters should be appropriate and should be reasonably determined according to the thickness of the titanium plate, so as to obtain a good cutting effect.
(3) Check whether the nozzle gas is unblocked, and unblock it if it is blocked.
(4) Before cutting the titanium plate, the surface must be cleaned and a certain space must be left, which can help the slag blow out.
(5) The distance between the cutting nozzle and the surface of the titanium plate should be appropriate, and it is not good to be too close or too far.
(6) The preheating of the titanium plate should be sufficient to avoid affecting the cutting process.
(7) If you cut workpieces of different sizes, you should first cut small pieces and then large pieces.
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What are the common specifications of titanium screws?

Everyone can use combination screws differently. Some call them bolts, some call them screws, some call them standard parts, and some call them fasteners. Although there are so many names, the meaning is the same, all are screws. Screw is a general term for fasteners. The principle of the screw is to use the physical and mathematical principles of oblique rotation and friction of the object to gradually tighten the machine parts.
Due to its stable performance, titanium screws are currently widely used, and have already become indispensable in industrial production and production. Screws are also called industrial rice. It can be seen that the screw is widely used. The application scope of the screw includes: electronic products, mechanical products, digital products, power equipment, electromechanical products. Screws are also used in ships, vehicles, hydraulic engineering and even chemical experiments. However, screws are used in many places. Especially accurate screws for digital products. DVD, miniature screws for cameras, glasses, wall clocks, electronics, televisions, electrical products, musical instruments, furniture and other general screws; as for engineering, construction, bridges, the use of large screws and nuts; transportation equipment, aircraft, trams, automobiles, etc. Combination of screws and small screws. Screws play an important role in industry. As long as there is industry on earth, the function of the screw will always be important.
 There are many types of screws, whether it is the smallest screw for glasses or the large screw for heavy electrical engineering. The accuracy of the screws is usually 6G (Class 2, IFI 2A), and 1g is used for thick screws used in construction projects.
Titanium screws are widely used, so the screw market demand is relatively large, and screw manufacturers in the screw industry will definitely be more. When you choose a professional manufacturer, you choose Xi'an Sitai. Standard and customized parts are available. High-quality products, strict delivery and high-quality services will definitely meet your needs.
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Application fields of titanium alloys

1. The largest user of titanium in the aerospace industry, which is mainly used in aircraft engines, racks, landing gear, rockets, and missiles. Since the 21st century, two aircraft manufacturing companies in the world, Boeing and Airbus, have both increased the production of aircraft, with annual deliveries of civil aviation aircraft approaching a thousand.
2. In the industrial field, titanium is a very popular structural material in almost all industrial fields such as petroleum, chemical industry, light textile, metallurgy, and power. Used in the manufacture of chemicals and chemical corrosion-resistant reactors, iron anodes for electrolysis, titanium cathode plates, titanium anodes for Chlor-alkali production, oxygen cooling heat exchangers, etc., titanium mesh baskets, hanging devices, titanium anodes, etc. in the electroplating industry, power plants Use condensers, steam turbine generators, turbine blades, etc., oil drilling equipment and subsea oil pipelines.
3. In automobiles, titanium can be used to make engine valves, seats, valve springs, connecting rods, fasteners, etc.
4. In sports and leisure products, use titanium tennis rackets, badminton rackets, golf heads and clubs, racing cars, bicycle racks, ski poles, ice skates, wetsuits, billiard clubs and hook fishing rods.
5. In information engineering, iron can be used to manufacture computer hard magnetic substrates. It has higher strength than aluminum, allowing to reduce thickness, increase storage density, and increase disk speed; higher surface finish allows to reduce the distance between the read/write head and the storage disk, and improve storage density; higher tolerance limits for damage And surface hardness; titanium also has non-magnetic characteristics, which prevents magnetic disk data storage interference; titanium is more resistant to high temperatures than aluminum, and can be treated with high-temperature coatings. It is estimated that with the rapid development of the information industry and the fierce competition in the market, titanium will have a better application market for computers.
6. In medicine, titanium is mainly used as dentures, joints for human repair, bone plates for orthopedics, intramedullary needles and artificial heart valve stents, shells of embedded pacemakers, and vascular clips for craniocerebral surgery. From the early needles for suturing small blood vessels, electrocardiogram electrode materials, and ophthalmic instruments, to the recent cardiac hooks and cardiac plugs, titanium has a footprint.
7. In consumer goods, titanium is used in the manufacture of spectacle frames, watch cases, camera cases, cookers, etc. Decorators such as roofs, railings, monuments, etc. and titanium crafts.
8. In the food and pharmaceutical industries, titanium is used to make containers, reactors, and heaters.
9. In the nuclear industry, titanium is used to make nuclear and corrosive waste reserves.
10. In the construction industry, titanium is becoming more and more widely used. The Guggenheim Museum Museum, built-in Bilbana, Spain, uses 35,000 square meters of titanium plates with a thickness of 0.38mm.
11. In agriculture and animal husbandry, titanium can also play a role. Tests have shown that iron has the effects of enhancing plant photosynthesis and promoting carbohydrate synthesis. In addition, titanium is also used in the cultivation of grassland, medicinal materials, and flowers. It is expected that the application prospect of titanium feed supplementation Jing will be very broad.
12. Titanium is also used in the shipbuilding industry to manufacture submarines, offshore platforms, and desalination devices.
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The use of titanium tube in various acids and bases

Titanium tubes are generally quite corrosion resistant in organic compounds. Its actual corrosion resistance is related to the reducing and oxidizing properties of the organic acid solution. Of the currently known organic acids, only a few will corrode titanium. For example, hot formic acid, hot oxalic acid, concentrated trichloroacetic acid, etc. in different air; once the air is vented, the corrosion rate of titanium will decrease. Both the water content of the organic compound medium and the air help the titanium to maintain its inertness. Under high temperature and anhydrous conditions, organic compounds can liberate hydrogen, which may lead to the danger of hydrogen absorption and hydrogen embrittlement of titanium. Although the corrosion of titanium in organic compound media is not serious, full attention must be paid to the sensitivity of hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion.
Titanium tubes are resistant to a wide range of temperatures and concentrations of acetic acid, and have been used in 204 ° C and 67% terephthalic acid and adipic acid. It has good corrosion resistance in citric acid, tartaric acid, tannic acid, lactic acid and other organic acids.
Titanium tube has strong corrosion resistance in alkali and alkaline media. Whether it is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonia, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide are very resistant to corrosion. The corrosion rate of titanium in boiling saturated calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and ammonia is almost 0. In high temperature and high concentration sodium hydroxide solution, such as 188 ℃ 50% -73% solution, the corrosion rate is possible More than 1.09mm / a. Nevertheless, the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of titanium in high-temperature alkaline solutions cannot be ignored. When the temperature exceeds 77 ° C and the pH of the alkaline solution is greater than 12, the possibility of hydrogen absorption and hydrogen embrittlement of titanium in the alkaline solution should be paid special attention to.
Among various metal materials, titanium tubes have good performance in wet chlorine gas, chloride solution (except high temperature and high concentration of ZnCL2, ALCL3 and CaCL2), and solutions containing chlorine compounds (such as chlorohydrochloric acid, etc.). Corrosion resistance has been successfully applied in bleach plants, electrolytic chlorine plants and wastewater treatment plants. However, crevice corrosion occurs in titanium materials in high-temperature and high-concentration chloride solutions, especially when it comes into contact with organic compound materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
Titanium causes severe corrosion in dry chlorine gas, and even causes fire and nature. The reaction between Ti and CL to form TiCL4 is an exothermic reaction. Only the water content in the medium is very low, and the heat released can promote the combustion of titanium, knowing that dry chlorine and titanium are depleted. If the chlorine gas contains water, the titanium tetraoxide will undergo a hydrolysis reaction to produce white titanium hydroxide. Titanium hydroxide is a stable solid compound and is not a highly volatile liquid like tetroxide (titanium has a boiling point of 136 ° C). The boundaries between "dry" and "wet" are related to factors such as ambient temperature and alloy composition. According to reports, the minimum moisture content of industrial pure titanium in the passivated chlorine gas at about 200 ° C is about 1.5%; at room temperature, the minimum water content will not catch fire as long as it is maintained at 0.3%-0.4% or more. Titanium-palladium alloys and titanium-nickel-molybdenum alloys can maintain the passivity of metals at lower water contents.
The corrosion resistance of titanium tubes to bromine and iodine is similar to that of chlorine. As long as a certain amount of water is maintained, titanium will not be corroded. However, titanium is corroded in fluorine, hydrofluoric acid or acid fluoride solution even at a very low concentration, and almost no corrosion inhibitor can be used. Therefore, titanium is not recommended for use in environments exposed to fluorine atmosphere. The acid fluoride solution rapidly corrodes titanium due to the presence of hydrofluoric acid. However, some fluorides complexed with metal ions, or extremely stable fluorides (such as fluorocarbons), generally do not corrode titanium.
Titanium pipes have excellent corrosion resistance in both river water and seawater. Especially in seawater, the corrosion performance of titanium is 100 times that of stainless steel. Titanium is the most resistant metal in all natural waters. Titanium may discolor or lose light in high temperature water and water vapor (such as 300 ° C), and even slightly increase weight, but it will not cause corrosion. Titanium is very resistant to corrosion in seawater at temperatures up to 260 ° C. Titanium tube condensers have been used in polluted seawater for more than 20 years, and only a slight discoloration has been found without signs of corrosion.
Industrial pure titanium has better resistance to crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion, and impact corrosion in seawater, and the sensitivity to stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue is not serious. In high-speed flowing seawater (for example, 36.6m / s), erosion speed is somewhat increased. When seawater contains abrasive particles such as sand, it has some impact on the erosion resistance of titanium, but it is not as severe as copper alloys and aluminum alloys. In seawater, titanium is the most ideal material for cavitation corrosion resistance. But because titanium is neither corrosive nor toxic in seawater, it is a good place for marine organisms to attach.
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High-temperature titanium alloy material characteristics and applications

 High temperature titanium alloy is one of the key materials of modern aviation engines, and is mainly used for forged parts such as compressor plates and blades of aviation engines to reduce the weight of the engine and increase the weight-to-weight ratio. The development trend of high temperature titanium alloys is to add rare earth elements. China has done a lot of research in this area. For example, Ti55 alloy and Ti60 alloy have been added with rare earth Nd, rare earth Y has been added to Ti600 alloy and rare earth Gd has been added to Ti633G alloy, which have achieved very good results in improving alloy properties. The addition of rare earth elements to improve the thermal stability of the alloy is mainly due to the interaction of rare earth elements with the oxygen in the alloy matrix to form complex compounds and purify the alloy matrix, thereby improving the thermal strength and thermal stability of the alloy. At present, the research results of 600 ℃ high temperature titanium alloy abroad have been used in aero engines, such as IMI834 in the United Kingdom, Ti-1100 in the United States, BT18Y in Russia, etc., which have achieved good results. TC17 titanium alloy is a near β-type alloy with excellent comprehensive properties. Its nominal composition is Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr (mass fraction,%). The alloy can be forged in the α + β phase region. Forging can be performed in the β phase region. It not only has high strength, hardenability and fracture toughness, but also has good heat stability, high fatigue performance and good hot workability. IMI550 titanium alloy is a heat-treated strengthened a + p-type titanium alloy successfully developed by British Empire Metals. Its nominal composition is TMAMMo-2Sn ~ 0.5Si, and the use temperature reaches 400 ° C. Compared with the American Ti6Al4V alloy, it is tensile resistant Increased strength by 10%.
According to the characteristics and application characteristics of IMI550 titanium alloy materials, it is planned to study the effect of rolling temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of IMI550 titanium alloy rods, in order to obtain a microstructure with well-matched comprehensive properties such as strength, plasticity and creep properties. Industrial production provides reasonable guidance for the formulation of reasonable and effective hot working processes.
    (1) IMI550 titanium rod diameters 7; -60C, 7; -25C and% + 15C. The microstructures after rolling are equiaxed, biomorphic, and netted.
    (2) IMI550 titanium rods with a mesh basket structure have a small necking at room temperature. The microfracture is composed of many straight cleavage facets. There are obvious tearing edges between the cleavage facets. Cleavage fracture characteristics, but there are a few small dimples of relatively small size and depth, indicating that it still has certain plastic characteristics; 400C high temperature tensile macro fracture center area appears coarse fiber area, microfracture center area is small and shallow Dimples' exhibited certain ductile fracture characteristics.
    (3) IMI550 titanium alloy rods with equiaxed structure, bimorph structure, and net basket structure have a comparable tensile strength at room temperature and 400C high temperature, and the equiaxed structure and bimorph structure have similar plasticity, but the plasticity of net basket structure Poor, especially room temperature plasticity.
    (4) IMI550 titanium alloy rods with a net basket structure have the best creep performance, followed by a two-state structure, and the equiaxed structure has the worst creep performance.
    (5) IMI550 titanium rod specimens with equiaxed and biomorphic structures have obvious necking at macro-fracture at room temperature and 400C high temperature tensile, and micro-fractures form large and deep equiaxed dimples and cup-shaped shear Lip, showing obvious tough fracture characteristics.
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In what industries is titanium alloy used?

Titanium has low density, high strength, good anti-corrosion performance, low thermal conductivity, non-toxic and non-magnetic, weldable, and strong surface deformability. It is widely used in aerospace, petrochemical, marine, medical and medical, Construction automobile, sporting goods, daily necessities, etc. Many countries in the world have recognized the importance of titanium alloy materials, so let's take a look at the specific uses of titanium
Engine fan blades for aircraft, rocket housings, satellite housings, missile housings, etc.
Used in the petrochemical industry, because titanium has good corrosion resistance and long life.
It is used in aircraft carriers, commercial ships, cargo ships, and other ships. Because titanium has good corrosion resistance and the hull is in water, it has a long service life.
Used for daily necessities, such as titanium spoon, titanium chopsticks, light and exquisite, and more beautiful
Used in sports, because titanium has good corrosion resistance and is relatively light, it can be used for badminton rackets, bicycle racks, etc.
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Application of Titanium in the Aviation Industry

The specific strength (strength and importance ratio) of titanium and its alloys is very high in metal structural materials. Its strength is equivalent to that of steel, but its importance is only 57% of steel. In addition, titanium and its alloys have strong heat resistance, can still maintain good strength and stability in the atmosphere at 500 ℃, and the working temperature can be even higher in a short time. Whereas at 150 ° C, aluminum loses its original mechanical properties at 310 ° C.
When aircraft missiles and rockets fly at high speeds, their engine and surface temperatures are quite high, and aluminum alloys are no longer capable, and titanium alloys are very suitable. It is precise because titanium and its alloys have the comprehensive and excellent properties of high strength, lightweight, and high heat resistance. When it is used to replace other metals in aircraft manufacturing, it can not only extend the life of the aircraft but also reduce its weight. Greatly improve its flight performance. Therefore, titanium is one of the most promising structural materials for the aviation and aerospace industries.
The amount of titanium used in aircraft engines has increased, and the fuselage also partially requires titanium. For airplanes with Mach numbers greater than 3.5, the engine inlet temperature is already high, so it cannot have high impact strength and can withstand high pressure and vibration. Therefore, titanium and its alloys are only used in the manufacture of engine casings and structural components on rockets, missiles, and spacecraft, and also in the manufacture of high-pressure vessels, such as high-pressure gas cylinders and low-temperature liquid fuel tanks. In addition, titanium and its alloys have applications in atomic energy reactors and military weapons.
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Difference between titanium plate and stainless steel plate

If it is a pure titanium plate. It shows that it is only composed of titanium, a chemical element. Titanium is very light. Commonly used in aviation. medicine. And resistant to corrosion. So the value is more expensive.
Stainless steel is much cheaper. It is also more versatile. Why stainless steel is not easy to rust, it is related to adding more than 12.5%  chromium to steel. In the oxidative corruption incapable corrosion medium, chromium can quickly form a dense passivation film on the surface of the steel to prevent the metal substrate from being damaged. When the chromium content is above 12.5%, a dense and stable passivation film is formed, and the rust prevention performance undergoes a step-wise consolidation, and the rust resistance is greatly enhanced. This is why the chromium content in stainless steel needs to be 12% The reason above.
Commonly used stainless steel materials are 304 chemical element is 1Cr18Ni9Ti, where 1 seems to refer to the carbon content. Cr18 refers to the content of chromium. Ni9 refers to the content of nickel Ti, which is the titanium of the titanium plate you said above. Very little in stainless steel.
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Application and advantages of titanium alloy materials in cardio-cerebral vascular repair materials

Examples of titanium and titanium alloys in human cardiovascular applications include artificial heart valves, blood filters, pacemakers, and artificial heart pumps.
Its advantages are:
① High strength, good chemical stability, and excellent biocompatibility;
② Titanium is non-magnetic and rarely produces artifacts in the magnetic resonance spectrum MRI;
③ The elastic ability and shape recovery function of NiTi memory alloys are very suitable for medical applications. NiTi alloys are martensitic at low temperatures (near zero) and can easily be transformed into shapes that can be easily introduced into the body. A reverse-phase change will occur when it returns to the original shape, and a large restoring force will play the role of orthopedic and support. In recent years, the application of NiTi shape memory alloys on vascular stents has attracted much attention. However, NiTi alloys may dissolve Ni ions under physiological conditions, thereby inducing toxicity and inflammatory reactions. To this end, researchers have carried out a large number of surface modification studies on the alloy. The main methods are surface inert coating, surface oxidation, surface activation, and surface grafting of macromolecules. Although their footholds are different, they can effectively inhibit the dissolution of Ni ions and improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of NiTi alloys. According to relevant data, the incidence of rheumatic heart disease in adults in China is 2.34% to 2.72%, and about 1.9 million adult rheumatic heart disease patients are estimated based on the total population. Approximately 250,000 patients need artificial heart valve replacement surgery due to severe valve disease. The actual artificial heart valve usage is only 25,000. The domestic demand is about 30%. The annual demand for pacemakers is about 400,000. 20,000 units, the domestic production rate is only 1%, while the domestic production rate of coronary stent products is higher, reaching about 50%.
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Titanium plate welding parameter selection

The choice of welding parameters will have a great impact on the structure of titanium welds and heat-affected zones. This is mainly due to the high melting point, large heat capacity, and poor thermal conductivity of titanium. If the welding parameters are selected large and the heat input is large, the high-temperature residence time will be longer and the high-temperature heat affected zone will be wider, which will make the weld and heat-affected zone grains Coarse, even the titanium plate and the base steel have mutual solubility.
The intermediate compound produced by the mutual dissolution is a brittle structure, which destroys and changes the original metal lattice, is a stress concentration point and a weak link in the weld increases the brittleness of the weld and reduces the plastic toughness and yield strength of the weld. The tensile strength makes the mechanical properties of the welded joints of titanium steel composite plate decrease sharply. Welds and heat-affected zones transform into needle-like structures during cooling, resulting in a decrease in the plasticity of welded joints. The heat input is too large. If the protective measures are not appropriate, the exposure of the weld and the heat-affected zone to the air will cause oxidation and discoloration, which will reduce or fail to meet the requirements for use; otherwise, the current is too small, the weld fusion cannot be guaranteed and the thermal effect The zone is hardened, which is not conducive to the escape of hydrogen, increases the tendency of cold cracking, and the construction progress is relatively slow. Therefore, the selection of welding currents must be reasonable and practical. The recommended construction site current is 110 ~ 150A, and the argon flow rate is 10 ~ 14L / min.
In the welding process of titanium filler strips, oxidative discoloration of welds and heat-affected zones and generation of cracks are common problems. The oxidative discoloration is mainly due to the excessively high surface temperature of titanium, which increases the activity of the titanium element and reacts with oxygen in the air during contact. Due to the different degrees of oxidation, the surface color is different. Different colors also mean whether the weldment can meet the requirements for use and whether it needs to be processed.
During the welding of titanium metal, attention must be paid to the protection of the weld seam and the heat-affected zone. The air chamber formed by the drag cover can be used for protection, or a large-nozzle argon arc welding torch can be used to expand the surrounding protective area.
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Rolling process and performance analysis of Gr5 titanium alloy material

Titanium alloy materials have the characteristics of high specific strength, high yield ratio, high resistance to deformation, and excellent process plasticity and superplasticity. Titanium rod products are widely used in various fields of the national economy. There are titanium alloy rods on aerospace aircraft Rivet connection made after cold heading. At present, there is a lack of analysis on the heat treatment and microstructure of small-diameter titanium alloy bars (≤ Φ10mm) in hot continuous rolling and rolled bars. In response to this problem, technicians performed high-temperature compression tests on Gr5 alloy on a Gleeble500 thermal simulator The flow stress curves of Gr5 titanium alloy at different temperatures and different strain rates provide the necessary process parameters for hot continuous rolling of titanium alloy bars, and the microstructure and properties of the rolled products are analyzed.
The study found:
1. From the viewpoint of reducing deformation resistance, improving the formability of the material, and ensuring the properties of the final rolled structure, the optimal rolling temperature of Gr5 titanium alloy bar is 950 ° C, which is slightly lower than the phase transition temperature of Gr5 titanium alloy; The best strain rate is 1s-1, so that the work hardening caused by strain and strain rate during deformation is small, and the plasticity of the material is fully utilized;
2. Φ12 and Φ6mm bars are obtained through hot continuous rolling of a three-roller Y-rolling mill. The structure of Φ12mm bars is the equiaxed primary α phase + α bars + β transformation structure, and the grain diameter is about 3-10 μm; The shaft primary α phase + fine stripe α phase + β transformation structure, the grain size does not exceed 1 μm. It can be seen that as the cumulative deformation increases, the grain size decreases significantly;
3. The structure and mechanical properties of Gr5 titanium alloy bars obtained by hot continuous rolling of three-roll Y-type rolling mill can meet the technical requirements. The rolling equipment, rolling process parameters and heat treatment system used in the test can produce titanium alloy bars that meet the requirements, thereby providing a technical basis for further industrial production.
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Titanium sheet metallurgy skills suitable for the automotive industry

Titanium plate has the characteristics of low density, high specific strength and corrosion resistance, which has great application potential in the automotive industry. The use of titanium and titanium alloys on cars can achieve the effects of saving fuel, reducing engine noise and vibration, and improving longevity. However, for a long time, automotive materials have been nationwide of materials such as steel and Al. In order to enter the automotive market, Ti materials must further reduce the cost to a level acceptable to the automotive industry in addition to its functional advantages. Automotive Ti-Ti metallurgical parts are a very promising area, but currently limited by cost and other factors, the use and implementation of development are slow. The use of leading titanium plate metallurgy skills to produce Ti titanium plate metallurgy parts can not only greatly reduce the cost, but also help the implementation of Ti and its alloys in the automotive industry, making it a major application after the aerospace industry category. The development of low-cost titanium and its alloy titanium plates can provide low-cost materials for automotive titanium-titanium plate metallurgical parts. From the existing skills, the most suitable for the automotive industry are the sponge Ti powder method, hydrodehydrogenation method, and metal hydride recovery method.
First, sponge Ti powder method
This is currently a method that can satisfy the demand of the titanium plate in the automobile industry in terms of cost. The traditional production of sponge Ti and the residual materials in the process is mainly used to break it; the obtained titanium plate is often thicker and richer in content. Cl element. The Huachang Company of the United States chose to introduce TiCl4 and Mg vapor into an 850 ° C tubular furnace one after another by the gas phase method, and quickly produce fine Ti powder and MgCl2. However, it is difficult to separate such fine powder from MgCl2, and the O content is high. The spray reverberation method sprays gas onto liquid Mg to make it reverberate to form particles. Tests show that for every 100 grams of Mg and 400 grams of TiCl4, about 100 grams of Ti powder with a particle size of tens of microns can be prepared, and the output power has been increased by 2 times. The cost is reduced by 50%, which is expected to be used as the material of titanium products of titanium plate metallurgy.
2. Hydrodehydrogenation
This method is because the produced titanium plate has a wide granularity plan and low cost, and the demand for materials is not strict. The technology is relatively easy to complete. After years of improvement and implementation, it has become the primary method for producing Ti powder at home and abroad. However, the titanium plate prepared by this method tends to have high contents of O and N. Northwest China Nonferrous Metals Research Institute selected hydrodehydrogenation technology to hydrodehydrogenate cast ingots to produce high-quality titanium plates with low O, N, and Cl, which has outstanding functions. Currently, it can produce O content of less than 0.20%. Titanium plates have been mass-produced, and it is expected to supply stable titanium plates for automotive titanium plate metallurgy parts. Japan's Toho Titanium Corporation uses improved technology to prepare Ti powder with a particle size of fewer than 150 microns and an O content of less than 0.15%; based on this discussion, Toho Titanium Corporation invested 1 billion yen to create a 30-ton hydrodehydrogenation process Ti powder production line.
3. Metal hydride recovery method
TiCl4 can be restored with hydrogen at 3500 ° C, and TiO2 can be restored with carbothermal at 1800 ° C or higher. In order to reduce the reaction temperature, scientists from the former Soviet Union proposed to use CaH2 to restore TiO2 and TiCl4, which can be carried out at a temperature of 1100 to 1200 ° C. The reaction produces TiH2, and then Ti is obtained by de-H. Because this method does not have a Cl element participating in the response, a titanium plate with extremely low Cl content can be obtained. I heard that its cost is only one-third of the traditional hydrodehydrogenation method, and it now has the planned production level. Although the Ti powder produced by this method has a high H content, it is reported that the presence of a small amount of H is conducive to sintering and improving the micro arrangement of the titanium plate, and can be completely removed during the subsequent vacuum sintering and annealing processes.
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