Study the process of electrolytic titanium smelting tube

After studying the literature, we have not adopted the method of electrolyzing titanium tubes in aqueous media and low-temperature non-aqueous media. Only a salt melt composed of chlorides and fluorides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals and dissolved in titanium compounds has been studied. As we know, titanium has a high response-ability to gas elements (oxygen and nitrogen) at 600-900℃, and these impurities affect the mechanical properties of metallic titanium. Considering that these impurities are transferred out of the basal medium during the electrochemical process The possibility of entering the titanium tube deposited on the cathode, so we have proposed a mission for ourselves-to establish an electrolytic cell in which a reliable lazy atmosphere and the elimination of external impurities that contaminate the electrolyte possibility. Using certain principles that are widely used in modern technology, we have planned and produced a large-scale experimental device through long-term exploration and long-term experimentation, which can deal with the purity of all types of electrolyte melts used in the electrolysis of titanium. The first experiment of cutting off the technical regulations of the electrolytic titanium tube was carried out on this equipment.

In order to select the technical process of the electrolytic titanium smelting tube, various compounds of the titanium tube were tested. The electrolysis is titanium trichloride, titanium tetrachloride, potassium fluorotitanate and titanium dioxide.

Titanium trichloride, which has a high solubility in the alkali metal chloride form, enters the electrolyte. When the concentration of trichloride in the melt reaches the beginning of electrolysis; during electrolysis, titanium is precipitated on the metal cathode, and chlorine is separated on the anode. The titanium ingot is taken out of the electrolytic cell, and the chlorine is combined there. The hydrogen junction supplied through the anode constitutes hydrogen chloride.

Because hydrogen is not good for high-temperature electrolysis, I started to look for other ways to make cheap chlorides in the melt. It has been determined that if an electric current is passed along the graphite tube and TiCli vapor is supplied through the graphite tube together, the electric current can restore the disintegrated titanium tetrachloride.

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Performance and Annealing Process of TC4 Titanium Alloy Material

Medical titanium alloy medical instruments are the third generation surgical instruments after carbon steel and stainless steel. In order to improve the anti-rust performance of stainless steel appliances, surface treatments such as chrome plating and electropolishing are often required. But chromium is toxic, and the peeled off chromium layer will have a certain impact on the human body. The medical titanium rods produced by many medical titanium rod manufacturers are used in medical devices.

The benefits of medical titanium alloys as medical devices are:

1. The equipment is light and handy, which can reduce the damage to blood vessels, muscles and organs during the operation, and reduce the fatigue of the doctor. The medical titanium equipment is more suitable for fine microsurgery operations;

2. Good corrosion resistance and non-toxicity, the equipment does not rust, the wound is not easy to be infected, and the wound heals quickly;

3. The medical titanium alloy has moderate elasticity and is suitable for pliers, tweezers, micro scalpels and other instruments;

4. When operating under a shadowless lamp, the reflective performance of medical titanium is weaker, which is more suitable than stainless steel;

Medical titanium medical instruments mainly include scalpel, surgical forceps, surgical forceps, chest expander, suture needle, suture thread, etc. Medical titanium wire is used as a surgical suture. Compared with other materials (such as stainless steel wire), it has the advantages of small tissue response and good torsion resistance. After suturing, the surgical wound is not easy to be inflamed, and the bone suture site is not easy to shift. The suture thread generally uses medical titanium wire (TA1 or TA2 wire) with a diameter of 0.5 to 0.8 mm. In addition, the soft elasticity produced by the titanium-nickel alloy wire can promote the rapid healing of the wound.

In addition, medical titanium alloy is also an important material for auxiliary rehabilitation equipment, such as wheelchairs, crutches, splints, and medical equipment.
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Method for identifying counterfeit products by titanium rods

Titanium alloy TC4 has a higher specific strength and is stronger than ultra-high-strength steel. Titanium has a high chemical activity. Above 600°C, titanium absorbs oxygen and forms a hardened layer with high hardness. The thermal conductivity of titanium is low, about 1/5 of that of iron and 1/14 of that of aluminum. The modulus of elasticity of titanium is small, about 1/2 of that of steel. Because of the special properties of titanium alloy processing, there are mainly the following difficulties in processing:

(1) The cutting deformation coefficient of titanium alloy is close to 1, so the sliding friction distance of chips on the rake face is greatly increased, which accelerates tool wear.

(2) The thermal conductivity is low and the cutting temperature is high. Under the same conditions, TC4 is more than twice as high as 45 steel.

(3) Due to the short contact length between the tool and the chip, the cutting force per unit contact area is greatly increased, and it is easy to chip.

(4) The chemical activity is large, and it is easy to produce a surface metamorphic pollution layer, which makes the organization uneven, severely damages the tool, and produces chipping, chipping, and peeling.

(5) Due to the high affinity of titanium alloy and high cutting temperature, the sticking phenomenon during cutting is serious, which will cause bonding wear during the cutting process. Therefore, chipping, chip breaking and chip removal will occur in the process of titanium alloy thin-walled titanium machining parts, so it is more difficult to prevent the distortion of the machined parts.

Titanium alloy has poor cutting performance and is one of the typical difficult-to-machine materials. This requires us to combine theory with practice in work, accumulate processing experience in actual work, and formulate practical titanium alloy processing and construction technology plans for problems. The equipment, tools, fixtures, cutting parameters and other process methods of titanium alloy processing parts of this type of material parts are summarized and demonstrated, in order to better guide the processing and application of titanium alloys in practice. It is hoped that this article can be useful in the manufacturing industry. My colleagues were helpful and inspired.
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The occurrence of cracks in the titanium plate and the countermeasures

Titanium weld cracks are cold cracks, mainly caused by hydrogen in the weld. The main sources of hydrogen are moisture and oil in the sheet and welding wire, and environmental humidity is the main reason for the increase in hydrogen in the weld.

Under the action of high temperature during welding, a large amount of hydrogen dissolves in the molten pool. During the cooling and solidification process of the weld, the hydrogen easily escapes due to the rapid decrease in insolubility. If the welding seam cooling rate is too fast, hydrogen can not escape and remain in the welding seam, which will make the hydrogen in the welding seam supersaturated, so the hydrogen has to diffuse as much as possible and promote further embrittlement of this area.

If there is a notch effect in this part and the hydrogen concentration is high enough, cracks may occur. Especially in winter construction, the ambient temperature is low, and water vapor adheres to the titanium plate, creating conditions for hydrogenation of the weld. Because the titanium plate is too thin (1.2mm), the steel plate is relatively "hot" and the temperature rises slowly, and the corresponding titanium composite layer welding seam is cooled too fast. During the cooling process, the residual hydrogen in the welding seam is too late to escape. It exists in the form of supersaturation in the weld, which eventually leads to the appearance of cracks.

Therefore, during the welding process of the titanium steel clad plate, the surface of the base metal and welding wire must be carefully cleaned, and the ambient temperature must not be lower than 5°C. During winter construction, flames are used to preheat the base steel surface, one is to remove the moisture around the weld; the other is to increase the temperature of the weldment and reduce the cooling rate of the weld.
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Analysis of rolling technology for titanium alloy pipe materials used in nuclear industry and aerospace industry

1. Aerospace

The major titanium use countries in the aerospace industry are concentrated in Western countries, especially the United States, where 60% of titanium is used in this field. Asian countries, Japan and China all invest about 10% of titanium in this field. However, with the rapid development of Asian aerospace in recent years, the consumption of titanium in the aerospace field will increase accordingly. From a global perspective, the aviation industry plays a decisive role in the titanium market. Historically, the major cycles of the titanium industry are closely related to the aviation industry.

2. Civil aircraft

(1) Reduce structural weight and improve structural efficiency

(2) Meet the use requirements of high-temperature parts

(3) Meet the requirements that match the structure of the composite material

(4) Meet the requirements of high corrosion resistance and long life

3. Military weapons

The development and procurement of military weapons continue to develop in the direction of lightness and flexibility. In order to meet the fighter's combat performance requirements, in addition to the use of advanced design technology, it is necessary to use materials with excellent performance and advanced manufacturing technology. One of the important measures is to choose a large number of titanium alloys and improve the application level of advanced titanium alloys.

Since the 1960s, the amount of titanium used in foreign military aircraft has increased year by year. The amount of titanium alloy used in various advanced military fighters and bombers designed in Europe and the United States has stabilized at more than 20%, and the proportion of titanium used in new models is increasing. Promote.

4. Car

Reducing fuel consumption and reducing hazardous waste (CO2, NOX, etc.) emissions has become one of the main driving forces and directions for technological progress in the automotive industry. Research shows that lightweight is an effective measure to save fuel and reduce pollution. For every 10% reduction in the quality of a car, fuel consumption can be reduced by 8%-10%, and exhaust emissions can be reduced by 10%.

In terms of driving, the acceleration performance of the vehicle is improved after the weight is reduced, and the vehicle control stability, noise, and vibration are also improved. From the perspective of collision safety, after the car is lightweight, the inertia during a collision is small and the braking distance is reduced.

The preferred way to reduce the weight of automobiles is to replace traditional automobile materials (steel) with light materials with high specific strength, such as aluminum, magnesium, and titanium. In 2009, the global amount of titanium used in automobiles reached 3,000 tons. Titanium has been used in racing cars for many years. At present, almost all racing cars use titanium. Japanese cars use more than 600 tons of titanium. With the development of the global automobile industry, the use of titanium for automobiles is still increasing rapidly.
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Wide application prospects of titanium equipment

In the petroleum refining process in the petroleum industry, sulfides and chlorides in petroleum products are very corrosive to equipment, especially petroleum refining equipment such as the initial distillation tower, the top of the atmospheric tower and the top condenser, using titanium as The materials of the above-mentioned parts have achieved good results and basically solved the corrosion problem of the above-mentioned parts.

The first foreign oil refineries used titanium tubes as coolers. Titanium is not only used in seawater corroded parts but also suitable for process heat exchangers that do not use seawater cooling. Titanium tubes are used in the condensation cooling system at the top of the crude oil distillation tower to prevent corrosion of chlorides and sulfides. The combination of the titanium tube bundle and tube sheet has been used not only in the United States but also in the United Kingdom for many years, including heat exchangers for heating crude oil and condensers for the final product cooled by sewage. The heat exchangers were originally made of traditional copper-nickel alloy or Monel alloy. However, due to corrosion such as vulcanization, the service life of the equipment is very limited. After using the titanium heat exchanger, the effect is very good.

In the metallurgical industry

With the development of the metallurgical industry, titanium has been popularized and applied as a structural material with high strength and corrosion resistance. In the hydrometallurgical process, because the equipment is exposed to alkali, acid and various corrosive gases, soot, etc., traditional aluminum alloy, acid-resistant stainless steel and other materials cannot meet the needs of the production process, which limits the development of hydrometallurgy. The use of titanium equipment is of great significance for improving production efficiency, solving the common phenomena of running, emitting, dripping, and leaking in hydrometallurgy, and reducing environmental pollution.

Application in electrolytic nickel production

In the production of electrolytic nickel, the equipment is exposed to solutions with high acid content and active ions, and titanium has excellent corrosion resistance, so it becomes an ideal material for manufacturing electrolytic nickel equipment.

Compared with the stainless steel mother plate, the cathode mother plate in the production of electrolytic nickel has better economic effects and superior performance. For example, the deposited nickel skin is not easy to stick to the plate, easy to peel, and the peeling rate is improved; the starting electrode of the titanium mother plate is flat. Straight, good rigidity, uniform current density during electrolysis. Shanghai Smelter, Jinchuan Nonferrous Metals Co., etc. have used titanium cathode mother plates, which have achieved good economic benefits.

In addition, a large number of titanium materials are also used in the heaters, pumps, valves, etc. of electrolytic nickel production equipment.
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What problems will the titanium tube encounter at the beginning of its formation?

When the world began to produce titanium tube parts, it once encountered a lot of troubles. They are mainly metalworkers and technicians who are familiar with aluminum tube parts, but they are very uncomfortable with titanium tube forming. First of all, the cutting and trimming process is too fast because the blade of the scissors wears out too quickly. When the shape is adjusted, the hammerhead is very easy to be arrogant. During the repair process, the clock rebounds very high. Stick to the model. Because of this, everyone refers to titanium as a difficult-to-form material, and industry personnel call it a hot forming material. This is a more general and perceptual evaluation of the forming performance of titanium tubes. But this can't affect people's specific analysis, after understanding its characteristics, in order to make appropriate treatment.

To be precise, titanium not only has the disadvantages of particularly large spring back, but it also has significant advantages. For example, in 1970, in the room temperature technical depth test of pure titanium pipes, it successfully processed cylindrical parts with a limit drawing coefficient of 2.75. , Which greatly exceeds the record of heavy materials such as steel, steel and aluminum. Experiments conducted as early as 10 years ago achieved better results and also used conventional drawing models and other materials to process spherical parts with a height exceeding the radius in a single process. It laid the foundation for the development of our current titanium industry.

Ships will definitely be corroded in seawater, which will seriously affect their lifespan. Then improving the corrosion resistance of the hull has become the first goal of many shipbuilding companies.
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Titanium alloys are used more and more in bicycles

With the excellent properties of titanium, the role of titanium and titanium products has become more extensive.

Our most common titanium products are titanium plates, titanium rods, titanium standard parts, titanium dioxide and even titanium wires. With the continuous research and development of titanium, the application fields of titanium are more and more extensive, and there are more and more titanium, titanium alloys and various titanium products. Let's take a look at the classification and use of titanium wire.

Titanium wire can generally be divided into pure titanium wire and titanium alloy titanium wire according to whether the raw material is pure titanium or titanium alloy; it can also be divided into titanium alloy, near alloy, (+) alloy, near alloy, and alloy according to the composition. It can also be classified according to the different properties of the titanium wire, and can also be classified according to others. However, the classification basis of other titanium wires is less and can be adjusted according to different parameters of various industries.

The basic characteristics of titanium, such as corrosion resistance, high hardness, non-magnetic, high temperature and low-temperature resistance, etc. This leads to a wide range of applications for titanium products.

At present, the application fields of titanium are still concentrated in aviation, aerospace, chemical, medical, automotive, construction, sports, industry, leisure and so on. So far, titanium is still in short supply, and there is still great potential for development.
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So far, the extrusion process of the titanium rod has to use a lubricant.

With the increasing amount of titanium alloy materials on various power systems, the surface protection of titanium alloy parts during processing becomes particularly important.

Titanium alloy has a good specific strength, high heat resistance, excellent corrosion resistance and low density. It has been widely used in aviation, aerospace, ship and chemical industries. Especially in the power system, a large number of titanium alloy materials are used, which has far-reaching significance for reducing the weight of the system and increasing the thrust-to-weight ratio.

What are the protection requirements for titanium alloys during machining? The following titanium alloy machining parts manufacturers introduce a few points:

(1) When cutting titanium alloy parts, machine tools and tools with good rigidity, and special tooling with low vibration and strong rigidity should be used. The special tooling for titanium alloy parts is not allowed to have active metal coatings such as zinc plating and cadmium plating to prevent the organization of titanium alloy parts from being exchanged with the tooling due to electrochemical corrosion and to prevent the cadmium brittleness of the titanium alloy. Choose suitable tooling to minimize the processing stress of titanium alloy parts and avoid deformation.

(2) When processing titanium alloy, use a lower cutting speed, sharp tool, and take a big knife. However, the tool is not allowed to stop during the machining process. At the same time, choose the specified halogen-free coolant to prevent the surface of the titanium alloy from being overheated and sticking to the knife, which may lead to the problem of metal tearing and deterioration of the surface of the part.

The sticking of the knife is mainly caused by the chemical affinity of the titanium alloy and the tool material. The use of a chloride-free coolant can not only prevent overheating, but also have a certain lubricating effect, reduce the phenomenon of tearing, and extend the use of the tool. life.

(3) Titanium alloys are prone to cold work hardening. Therefore, the depth of the cut should exceed the thickness of the cold work-hardened layer produced during the previous cutting. The tool should have both anti-wear ability and high thermal hardness. The machining depth should be ensured by controlling the rigidity of the lathe, the cutting tool and the clamping degree of the parts.

(4) When milling titanium alloy parts, it is recommended to use high-speed steel multi-edge milling cutters embedded with cemented carbide. Disc milling cutters should adopt down-milling technology. When reverse milling, the stability of the milling cutter is reduced by half, so The finish of the machined surface will have severely deteriorated.
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What are the precautions for titanium pipe welding

In terms of high-quality welds, titanium pipes must meet the following conditions:

1. Welders with qualification for welding titanium pipes.

2. High purity gas protection.

3. High-purity titanium alloy welding wire.

4. Double-sided protection is required for the requirements of the filming site to prevent root oxidation.
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Difficulties in machining thin-walled titanium alloy workpieces

 In the machinery manufacturing industry, titanium alloy materials have characteristics that other metal materials cannot have: high specific strength, high thermal strength, and good corrosion resistance; the alloy density is only 58% of steel, so the thinner made of titanium alloy materials The wall shell structure will become a common workpiece for defense products. Due to the thin wall of the workpiece, it is easy to deform during processing. The radial clamping force causes elastic deformation of the workpiece. The rapid tool wear makes the processing size unstable, and it is difficult to ensure the processing quality. The workpiece rejection rate and processing cost remain high. Technicians and processing operators.

The traditional titanium alloy thin-wall workpiece processing does not pay attention to the selection of tool materials and cutting elements, which makes the processing tools wear fast and increase the deformation; only a single turning process is used instead of a gradual cycle of stress relief technology

There are many factors that affect processing deformation, mainly reflecting the following aspects.

(1) The deformation of the workpiece caused by the thin cutting heat

The thermal conductivity of titanium alloy materials is lower than that of stainless steel and high-temperature alloys. The difference in heat dissipation conditions is 1/4 and 1/16 of that of iron and aluminum, which makes the temperature of the cutting zone rise rapidly, and it is not easy to dissipate near the cutting edge, resulting in processing The stress concentration near the tool tip causes the tool to wear and chip, and cause the workpiece to deform.

(2) The rigidity of the workpiece is poor. During the cutting process, the machine tool vibration and cutting elements are not suitable to produce deformation. The thin-walled workpiece has poor rigidity and is caused by machine tool vibration and other factors. , Cause deformation.

(3) Radial clamping force deforms during workpiece cutting

When the titanium alloy thin-walled workpiece is processed and clamped, under the action of the radial clamping force, it is easy to cause elastic deformation, which affects the dimensional accuracy and shape tolerance requirements of the workpiece.

(4) Deformation caused by stress release during workpiece cutting

During the processing of thin-walled titanium alloy workpieces, each time the metal is cut, the stress will be released, causing the workpiece to deform.
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How to extend the service life of titanium plates

The service life of the titanium plate is very important. With the extension of use time, the gasket of the titanium plate must be replaced. The replacement time of the imported equipment gasket is 2 years, and the replacement time is about 5 years. If it is used for too long, cracks will occur.

With the gradual development of my country's food, medicine, chemical, refrigeration and other industries, the application fields of titanium plates are also very extensive. Facing the huge market prospects, my country's titanium plate manufacturers continue to break through new technologies to create a series of advantages such as energy-saving heat exchange, high heat exchange efficiency, high-pressure resistance, and easy cleaning. Of course, the service life will be longer than before.

So how to improve the service life of the titanium plate? Technicians say that the life of the titanium plate is related to many factors. Next, we will enter the topic to discuss the life of the titanium plate and the factors related to it.

1. When using titanium plates, pay attention to pressure fluctuations and control the temperature to ensure the stability of the pressure. Overpressure operation is not allowed, which will affect the life of the titanium plate.

2. When the device is turned on, the device starts to run. If the pressures of the two media are different, open the low-pressure side valve first, and then open the high-pressure side valve. Prevent excessive pressure difference and prevent plate deformation and leakage.

3. The cleaning of the titanium plate is very important, because the long-term operation of the equipment will cause scaling, corrosion, and coking of the medium, and scaling will occur inside and outside the water pipe, which requires thorough cleaning. Common cleaning methods include water washing, steam blowing, mechanical cleaning and chemical cleaning.

4. When using the titanium plate, it must be operated strictly in accordance with the specifications, because there will be a pressure range and working temperature on the nameplate of the heat exchange unit. If the pressure or temperature is too high, it will cause the gasket to leak. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to produce severe shocks during operation.

5. When the equipment is stopped, first slowly cut off the high-pressure side, and then slowly cut off the low-pressure fluid. why? Because it can reduce the pressure difference of the titanium plate, protect the titanium plate, and extend the life of the titanium plate.
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How is titanium alloy processed?

Since the discovery of titanium in 1790, mankind has carried out a century of painstaking exploration in order to obtain the special properties of titanium. In 1910, titanium was first manufactured by humans, but the application of titanium alloy processing was difficult and long. It was not until 1951, 40 years later, that industrial production was finally realized.

The development and application of titanium alloys in my country began in the 1960s.

Titanium alloy has the characteristics of high specific strength, corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance and fatigue resistance. Titanium alloy of the same size only accounts for 60% of steel, but its strength is higher than that of alloy steel. Titanium alloys are widely used in medical fields because of their good properties, such as artificial joints, bone fixation devices, dentures, etc.

Titanium alloys are widely used in aircraft structural parts and heat-resistant parts. It is one of the main structural materials for modern aircraft and engines, and is called "space metal".

But titanium alloy is like a strong horse. It must be tamed to reach the goal of thousands of miles a day. So how can we "tame" titanium alloy?

Titanium alloy has poor thermal conductivity, high hardness and easy rebound. The difference in thermal conductivity is reflected in the heat generated by friction during processing. If it is other metals, it will quickly spread to the whole, such as the pot we usually use.

However, due to the poor thermal conductivity of titanium alloys, heat will continue to accumulate, making the titanium alloy sticky, making the tool brittle, severely worn and even damaged, just like cutting chewing gum with a knife.

Titanium alloys have high hardness, and aluminum alloy materials for airplanes are easy to process: one meter of titanium alloy materials can process 25 meters of aluminum alloy materials, which is economical, but the strength of aluminum alloys is difficult to meet the requirements. Therefore, although the processing of titanium alloys is more difficult , But it is still necessary. In addition, titanium alloy springback seriously affects the machining accuracy of parts, especially thin-walled complex parts.

Powerful milling, shallow cutting high-speed milling, etc. make titanium alloy parts processing faster and more stable. In order to tame these horses, we developed the superplastic forming method of titanium alloy sheet processing, the compressed air stirring of chemical milling treatment and the rapid welding method of small current.

Titanium alloy can be used in aviation equipment manufacturing. I believe that with the continuous research and exploration of the majority of scientific and technological workers in the aviation industry, our understanding of titanium alloys will gradually deepen. For the domestication of titanium alloys, we will have more means to make greater contributions to my country's aviation industry!
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What is the reaction of titanium alloy materials in the air?

The reaction of titanium alloy materials in the air, such as titanium rods, titanium tubes, etc., is usually related to the three non-metallic elements of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen. Their reaction process is closely related to temperature.

Titanium reacts very slowly with oxygen in the air below 100 degrees, and only the surface is oxidized at 500 degrees. As the temperature increases, the surface oxide film begins to dissolve in the titanium, and oxygen begins to diffuse into the metal. However, at 700°C, oxygen does not enter the inner lattice of the metal. When the temperature exceeds 700°C, the diffusion of oxygen to the metal is accelerated, and the surface oxide film loses its protective effect at high temperatures.

The reaction of titanium with oxygen depends on the shape and temperature of titanium. Powder titanium will burn or explode violently under the action of static electricity, sparks and friction in the air at room temperature. However, dense titanium is stable in air at room temperature. When the dense titanium is heated in air, it starts to react with oxygen. First, oxygen enters the crystal lattice on the titanium surface to form a dense oxide film. The oxide film on the surface can prevent oxygen from diffusing into the interior and has a protective effect. Therefore, titanium is stable in the air below 500°C. The color of the surface oxide film is related to the formation temperature. Below 200 degrees is silvery-white, 300 degrees is light yellow, 400 degrees is golden yellow, 500 degrees is blue, 600 degrees is purple, 700-800 degrees is red-gray, and 800-900 degrees is gray. In pure oxygen, the initial temperature ratio of titanium to oxygen is lower than the initial temperature ratio in air. At about 500-600°C, titanium burns in oxygen.

Titanium does not react with nitrogen at room temperature, but at high temperatures, titanium is one of the few metal elements that can burn in nitrogen. When the combustion temperature of titanium in nitrogen is higher than 800°C, the reaction between titanium and nitrogen is very violent. The reaction of titanium and nitrogen can not only generate titanium nitride (ti3n, Ti N, etc.), but also form a Ti-N solid solution. When the temperature is 500-550℃, titanium starts to absorb nitrogen and form an interstitial solid solution; when the temperature exceeds 600℃, the nitrogen absorption rate of titanium increases. In the Ti-N solid solution, nitrogen enters the titanium lattice in the form of titanium nitride, the phase transition temperature of titanium increases, and nitrogen is also a stabilizer of titanium. The maximum solubility (mass fraction) of nitrogen in the air is 7% at 1050°C and 2% at 2020°C. However, the absorption rate of nitrogen by titanium is much slower than the absorption rate of oxygen. Therefore, titanium mainly absorbs oxygen in the air, while the absorption of nitrogen is secondary.
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How to do the preservation of titanium alloy screws

Although titanium alloy screws are small, they are used in many places. However, how should we keep them when we don't need them? It is necessary to know that titanium alloy screws are prone to rust if they have been exposed to the air, so it is necessary to do a good job of moisture-proofing titanium alloy screws:

1. The choice of component insulation dipping varnish, such as epoxy resin or polyurethane dipping varnish. Choose paint that does not contain volatile acids. Vibrating machinery uses solvent-free paint.

2. When using titanium alloy screw melamine alkyd paint, the curing temperature and curing time should be adjusted. The curing temperature is slightly higher than 130 degrees Celsius and the curing time is greater than 180 minutes. It is appropriate to strictly implement the process, especially in the hot and humid seasons. Because of the concept of rust and rust, the conventional drying time of the sample paint factory is not necessarily abundant, and cars have a specific internal shape.

3. Surface corrosion treatment of titanium alloy screws refers to the use of various methods to maintain the metal surface. The role is to isolate the metal from the corrosive environment to inhibit the corrosion process, reduce the contact between corrosive media and the metal surface, and achieve the purpose of preventing or slowing down corrosion.

Pay special attention to the selection technology of screw material:

1. The mechanical properties and strength requirements of the screw material are strong. Some screws need relatively high strength, and then choose the higher the strength of the screw material itself.

2. The corrosion resistance of materials in working conditions is required. Some screws of the standard network are used for the above-mentioned products with strong corrosion. This requires us to choose the corrosion resistance of strong spiral steel wires.

3. The material's heat resistance and working temperature requirements. When some titanium alloy screws are used for high-temperature operation, it is necessary to select the high-temperature performance of the screw material.

4. Performance requirements in the production process of material processing. Some titanium alloy screws need to deal with the difficulty of thread and hardness in the production process, so it is necessary to choose the appropriate hardness of the screw material, which is conducive to processing and production.

5. The screw material is selected due to the weight, price, purchase and other factors of the screw itself. It is a better choice to consider the materials in these fields properly.

The above is some work on the moisture-proof of titanium alloy screws, starting from the details, save the titanium alloy screws and use them when needed.
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Use and formation classification of titanium alloy

The output power of titanium alloy die forgings is much higher than that of free forgings, but it requires equipment and forging dies, which is suitable for large quantities of medium and small forgings. According to the cross-sectional shape, the profiles can be divided into special sections such as round steel, square steel, hexagonal steel, flat steel, angle steel, channel steel, I-beam, etc. The profiles are hot-rolled and cold-drawn. Hot-rolled profiles have low precision and low prices. Suitable for general titanium alloy blanks. Cold-drawn profiles have the characteristics of small size, high precision, and easy to complete active feed, but they are expensive and are mainly used for mass production and suitable for active machine tool processing.

Driven by science and technology, new materials have emerged and the application fields have gradually expanded. The application of titanium in the C919 large aircraft project and the 4500-meter deep submersible manned spherical shell project has shown a good trend of vigorous development of the titanium industry. Looking back at the development of my country’s titanium industry in 2018, Wang Wensheng, chairman of the Titanium, Zirconium and Hafnium Branch of the Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, believes that although the demand for aviation and other industries continues to improve in 2018, titanium sponge continues to hit new highs with the rise in the price of titanium and raw materials. However, the pressure on environmental protection is increasing, the demand in traditional industrial fields such as chemical industry, metallurgy, and salt making is still shrinking, and the price of titanium materials is rising weakly.

Titanium materials: titanium plate, titanium rod, titanium tube, titanium wire, titanium copper composite rod, titanium steel composite plate. Titanium products: titanium screws, titanium machined parts, titanium flanges, titanium pipe fittings, titanium pipes, titanium target blocks, titanium special-shaped parts, etc. Titanium equipment category: titanium tube heat exchanger, titanium coil, titanium heating tube, titanium cooler, titanium condenser, titanium anode plate, titanium filter, titanium evaporator, titanium stirring shaft and other titanium non-standard equipment. Products are widely used in vacuum salt production, chemical, petrochemical, production, Chlor-alkali industry, electroplating, electrolysis, aviation, seawater desalination and other industries.
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Welding problems of dissimilar metals such as titanium alloy and steel

Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace, medical equipment and other industries because of their high specific strength and thermal conductivity, good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Due to the particularity of dissimilar metal connection, common methods include diffusion welding, friction stir welding, fusion brazing, laser welding, cold pressure welding and other special connection techniques. Research on the welding of titanium alloys and dissimilar metals is an effective way to give full play to the excellent properties of titanium alloys and expand its application range.

Titanium alloy/steel dissimilar welding composite structure not only has a high specific strength and good corrosion resistance of titanium alloy but also is compatible with the advantages of wide application range and low price of steel materials. However, due to the large difference in thermal conductivity and linear expansion coefficient between titanium alloy and steel, and poor mutual solubility, brittle and hard Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds are easily formed during welding, making it difficult to weld dissimilar titanium alloy/steel. In order to solve these problems, the researchers conducted in-depth research and analysis on the diffusion welding, brazing, explosive welding and other welding technologies of titanium alloy/steel dissimilar metals.

Ti6Al2Zr2Mo2V titanium alloy and 304 austenitic stainless steel were electron beam welded, and the filler material used was a V/Cu-based composite material. Experiments show that a single filler cannot effectively inhibit the formation of Ti Fe intermetallic compounds, and only two or more fillers can achieve the inhibition effect. used Ti+Zr-based 40Ti-20Zr-20Cu-20Ni solder, silver-based Ag-6Pd solder, nickel-based BNi2 and BNi7 solder to braze Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and STS304 stainless steel. Welding experiment. Experiments have proved that Ni in the Ni-based filling material can effectively act as a stabilizing element, thereby reducing the transition temperature of the β phase. For Ag-based filler materials, although other materials can be added to increase the strength of the welded joint, the poor affinity of Ag and Ti cannot effectively improve the diffusion of the filler material. Wetting angle and the number of atoms diffused into the steel side base material BNi7≥BNi2>40>Ag-5Pd. The microstructure of the explosive welding joint zone of titanium and 20 steel was analyzed. The steel side and the titanium side base metal at the welding interface contained high-density dislocations. Among them, the steel side appeared equiaxed fine crystals and deformation. Long grain area. A composite interface fused with each other can be observed in the bonding zone, indicating that the high energy generated by the explosion melts the interface metal, and the spraying and quenching of liquid metal causes the appearance of microcrystals, micro twins and metastable phases of titanium in the bonding zone. Using pure Ag as a filler material for pressure diffusion welding of industrial pure titanium and 304 stainless steel, experiments show that Ag can effectively inhibit the formation of brittle intermetallic compound Ti-Fe, and the intermetallic compound formed by Ag has a strong bearing capacity, thereby improving welding The strength of the joint.

Dissimilar metal welding refers to the joining of two different types and properties of metal materials through a specific welding process to form a structural component with integrity and expected performance. The thermal conductivity and linear expansion coefficient of titanium alloy and dissimilar metals are quite different, and brittle intermetallic compounds are easily formed during the welding process, which leads to the deterioration of the strength of the welded joint. Therefore, it is very necessary to add appropriate intermediate transition metals and select appropriate welding processes and welding methods in the welding process to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints.
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Improve surface quality and performance of titanium plate

A significant feature of the titanium plate is its strong corrosion resistance. This is because it has a particularly strong affinity for oxygen and can form a dense oxide film on its surface, which can protect titanium from corrosion by the medium. , Neutral salt solution has good stability in neutralizing oxidizing medium, and it has better corrosion resistance than existing stainless steel and other commonly used non-ferrous metals, and even comparable to platinum. 

The quality of the titanium plate is largely determined by the smelting process, including the chemical composition of the titanium, the cleanliness of the titanium water (gas, harmful elements, inclusions) and the quality of the casting (component segregation, decarburization and surface conditions) These aspects are the key control points of smelting operations. In addition, industrial titanium plates also require sufficient hardenability to ensure uniform microstructure and mechanical properties across the spring section. The main cause of fatigue cracks in the oxide inclusions in titanium and the damage of type D inclusions to fatigue life is greater than that of type B inclusions. Therefore, foreign titanium factories and automobile factories have put forward higher requirements for oxide inclusions in industrial titanium plates. In particular, Al2O3 and TiN inclusions are the most harmful to the fatigue life of titanium springs. In order to produce high-quality industrial titanium plates, special smelting methods such as electric furnace-electro slag remelting or vacuum arc remelting are usually used in the past.
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Characteristics of chemical, physical and mechanical properties of titanium

1. The density of metal titanium is 4.51g/cm3, which is higher than aluminum but lower than steel, copper, and nickel, but its specific strength is the first among metals. The melting point of titanium is 1660±10°C. The boiling point is 3287°C. The valences are +2, +3 and +4. It has good corrosion resistance and is not affected by the atmosphere and seawater. At room temperature, it will not be corroded by dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, nitric acid or dilute alkali solution; only hydrofluoric acid, hot concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, etc. can act on it.

2. Metal titanium dust is explosive and will burn and explode when exposed to heat, open flames or chemical reactions. Its powder has high chemical activity and can ignite spontaneously in the air. Metal titanium can not only burn in air, but also in carbon dioxide or nitrogen. It is easy to combine with halogen, oxygen, sulfur and nitriding at high temperature. Use dry powder and dry sand to extinguish the fire when titanium is burned. It is strictly prohibited to use water, foam and carbon dioxide to fight the fire. In the event of high heat or violent burning, fighting with water may cause an explosion.

3. Titanium is highly active, not only in the molten state, even in the solid-state above 400 ℃, it is also easily polluted by moisture, air, grease and oxides, and absorbs oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, etc. The plasticity and toughness of welded joints decrease, causing pores and cracks. The main hazards of iron pollution to titanium are the formation of brittle titanium-iron compounds during welding and heating, which reduces the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the weld; under the action of corrosive media, surface iron particles cause pitting corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement.

4. The linear expansion coefficient of titanium is about 2/3 of carbon steel, which is equivalent to 50% of stainless steel. The thermal conductivity of titanium is 4.5 times smaller than that of carbon steel and lower than that of stainless steel.

5. Titanium has obvious resilience, and its resilience is 2 to 3 times that of stainless steel during cold forming. Like stainless steel, adhesion occurs easily. The tensile strength of titanium decreases with increasing temperature. When the temperature reaches 250 degrees, its tensile strength is only 50% of room temperature.

6. The plasticity of industrial pure titanium has a special relationship with temperature, from room temperature to 200. At C, the relative elongation of titanium increases, and then it begins to decrease when the temperature continues to rise. The relative elongation reached a minimum at 450~500 and then increased significantly. Therefore, the use of temperature does not exceed 350°C.
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Welding problems of dissimilar metals such as titanium alloy and steel

Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace, medical equipment and other industries due to their advantages such as high specific strength and thermal conductivity, good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Due to the particularity of dissimilar metal connection, common methods include diffusion welding, friction stir welding, fusion brazing, laser welding, cold pressure welding and other special connection techniques. Studying the welding of titanium alloys and dissimilar metals is an effective way to give full play to the excellent properties of titanium alloys and expand its application range.

Titanium alloy/steel dissimilar welding composite structure not only has high specific strength and good corrosion resistance of titanium alloy, but also is compatible with the advantages of wide application range and low price of steel materials. However, due to the large difference in thermal conductivity and linear expansion coefficient between titanium alloy and steel, and poor mutual solubility, brittle and hard Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds are easily formed during welding, making it difficult to weld dissimilar titanium alloy/steel . In order to solve these problems, the researchers conducted in-depth research and analysis on the diffusion welding, brazing, explosive welding and other welding technologies of titanium alloy/steel dissimilar metals.

Ti6Al2Zr2Mo2V titanium alloy and 304 austenitic stainless steel were electron beam welded, and the filler material used was a V/Cu-based composite material. Experiments show that a single filler cannot effectively inhibit the formation of Ti Fe intermetallic compounds, and only two or more fillers can achieve the inhibition effect. Lihang Titanium has used Ti+Zr-based 40Ti-20Zr-20Cu-20Ni solder, silver-based Ag-6Pd solder, nickel-based BNi2 and BNi7 solder to braze Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and STS304 stainless steel. Welding experiment. Experiments show that Ni in the Ni-based filling material can effectively act as a stabilizing element, thereby reducing the transition temperature of the β phase. For Ag-based filler materials, although other materials can be added to increase the strength of the welded joint, the poor affinity of Ag and Ti cannot effectively improve the diffusion of the filler material. Wetting angle and the number of atoms diffused into the steel side base material BNi7≥BNi2>40>Ag-5Pd. The microstructure of the explosive welding joint zone of titanium and 20 steel was analyzed. The steel side and the titanium side base metal at the welding interface contained high-density dislocations. Among them, the steel side appeared equiaxed fine crystals and deformation. Long grain area. A composite interface fused with each other can be observed in the bonding zone, indicating that the high energy generated by the explosion melts the interface metal, and the spraying and quenching of liquid metal causes the appearance of microcrystals, micro twins and metastable phases of titanium in the bonding zone. Using pure Ag as a filler material for pressure diffusion welding of industrial pure titanium and 304 stainless steel, experiments show that Ag can effectively inhibit the formation of brittle intermetallic compound Ti-Fe, and the intermetallic compound formed by Ag has a strong bearing capacity, thereby improving welding The strength of the joint.

Dissimilar metal welding refers to the joining of two different types and properties of metal materials through a specific welding process to form a structural member with integrity and expected performance. The thermal conductivity and linear expansion coefficient of titanium alloy and dissimilar metals are quite different, and brittle intermetallic compounds are easily formed during the welding process, which leads to the deterioration of the strength of the welded joint. Therefore, it is very necessary to add appropriate intermediate transition metal, select appropriate welding process and welding method in the welding process to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joint.
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