Characteristics of chemical, physical and mechanical properties of titanium

1. The density of metal titanium is 4.51g/cm3, which is higher than aluminum but lower than steel, copper, and nickel, but its specific strength is the first among metals. The melting point of titanium is 1660±10°C. The boiling point is 3287°C. The valences are +2, +3 and +4. It has good corrosion resistance and is not affected by the atmosphere and seawater. At room temperature, it will not be corroded by dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, nitric acid or dilute alkali solution; only hydrofluoric acid, hot concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, etc. can act on it.

2. Metal titanium dust is explosive and will burn and explode when exposed to heat, open flames or chemical reactions. Its powder has high chemical activity and can ignite spontaneously in the air. Metal titanium can not only burn in air, but also in carbon dioxide or nitrogen. It is easy to combine with halogen, oxygen, sulfur and nitriding at high temperature. Use dry powder and dry sand to extinguish the fire when titanium is burned. It is strictly prohibited to use water, foam and carbon dioxide to fight the fire. In the event of high heat or violent burning, fighting with water may cause an explosion.

3. Titanium is highly active, not only in the molten state, even in the solid-state above 400 ℃, it is also easily polluted by moisture, air, grease and oxides, and absorbs oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, etc. The plasticity and toughness of welded joints decrease, causing pores and cracks. The main hazards of iron pollution to titanium are the formation of brittle titanium-iron compounds during welding and heating, which reduces the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the weld; under the action of corrosive media, surface iron particles cause pitting corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement.

4. The linear expansion coefficient of titanium is about 2/3 of carbon steel, which is equivalent to 50% of stainless steel. The thermal conductivity of titanium is 4.5 times smaller than that of carbon steel and lower than that of stainless steel.

5. Titanium has obvious resilience, and its resilience is 2 to 3 times that of stainless steel during cold forming. Like stainless steel, adhesion occurs easily. The tensile strength of titanium decreases with increasing temperature. When the temperature reaches 250 degrees, its tensile strength is only 50% of room temperature.

6. The plasticity of industrial pure titanium has a special relationship with temperature, from room temperature to 200. At C, the relative elongation of titanium increases, and then it begins to decrease when the temperature continues to rise. The relative elongation reached a minimum at 450~500 and then increased significantly. Therefore, the use of temperature does not exceed 350°C.
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