Hot working properties and industrial application of TC4 titanium alloy

Titanium and titanium alloy strip production is a process in which titanium and titanium alloy are processed into rectangular single sheets or coils through smelting, ingot casting, flat roll rolling, heat treatment and finishing processes.

The industrial production of titanium alloy strips in the world began in the early 1950s, and now it can produce strips with a roll weight of 4 to 5t and thick plates with a width of 4.2m. China started the production of titanium strips in the late 1950s, and built a larger titanium processing plant in the mid-1960s, forming a production system. The products have been serialized and can produce plates with a thickness of 0.3 to 30 mm and a thickness of 0.01. ~2.0mm strip.

Smelting and ingot casting Titanium has a high melting point and is chemically active. It is easy to interact with air and refractory materials at high temperatures or in a molten state. Titanium and titanium alloys are usually melted in a copper crucible cooled by water or liquid metal under a vacuum or inert gas atmosphere. At present, the most widely used in the production of titanium ingots is vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace smelting.

After mixing a certain proportion of sponge titanium, return material and alloy elements uniformly, they are pressed into a block (called electrode block) on a hydraulic press, and then the electrode block is welded into an electrode (rod) by a plasma welding method. In the electric arc furnace, it is remelted to form an ingot. In order to ensure the uniform composition of the ingot, the particle size of the added alloy elements, return material and sponge titanium are all controlled within a certain range, and vacuum remelting is adopted three times. Industrial-scale smelted titanium alloy ingots are generally 3-6t, and large-scale ingots reach 15t. Usually, the ingots melted by the vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace are round. In recent years, other methods, such as plasma smelting, electron beam smelting, shell smelting and electroslag smelting, have also been used to melt titanium alloy slabs and square ingots. For example, Japan uses a plasma beam furnace to smelt slabs weighing 3t, which are directly used for rolling strips.

Forging is the main method to break the as-cast crystal structure, improve material properties and obtain slabs of a certain size and shape. During the heating process before the slab forging, the titanium alloy easily reacts strongly with air to form an oxide scale and a getter layer, which reduces the plasticity and other properties of the material. Therefore, induction heating or heating in a room-shaped resistance furnace with good airtightness is often used. When using a flame furnace for heating, the furnace should be kept in a micro-oxidizing atmosphere, and a protective layer can also be coated on the surface of the ingot, or heated in an inert gas. Titanium alloys have low thermal conductivity. When heating large cross-sections or high-alloyed ingots, in order to prevent ingot cracking that may be caused by thermal stress, a low-temperature slow and high-temperature fast segmented heating method is usually used. Controlling the heating and final forging temperature of the ingot and the amount of forging deformation are important guarantees for obtaining high-quality titanium slabs.
machined titanium round rod     3 Inch Titanium Tube     titanium alloy powder     grade 7 titanium alloy sheet

Defect Analysis of Titanium Plate Titanium Strip Cold Rolling

Mainly used in the manufacture of various beams, bulkheads, slide rails, landing gear beams in aircraft structures, aero-engine fans, compressor plates, and blades. Replacing 30 CrMnSiA structural steel with TC4 titanium alloy can reduce the weight of parts by about 30%. In general, TC4 titanium alloy with standard composition is used. For aircraft structural parts requiring welding and high fracture toughness, high-purity TC4 titanium alloy with an oxygen content of not more than 0.15% is selected.

In the West, TC4 titanium alloy fasteners strengthened by solution aging treatment are widely used instead of steel fasteners to reduce the weight of aircraft structure, especially when titanium alloy or aluminum alloy is connected with carbon fiber composite materials, due to compatibility The consideration must choose titanium alloy fasteners. TC4 titanium alloy fasteners must be formed by the hot application method, which can easily meet the requirements for the organization and streamline. The fuselage bulkhead dies forging made of TC4 titanium alloy on the American F22 fighter has a projected area of ​​5.53m2. On the B1B supersonic bomber, the wing support through-beam structure made of TC4ELI titanium alloy is selected. It is designed according to the principle of damage tolerance and manufactured by superplastic forming and diffusion bonding methods. Its mass reaches 5400kg.
Hollow Titanium Bar     titanium pipe     Ultra-Thin Titanium Alloy Sheet     grade 5 titanium sheet

The difference between pure titanium screw and titanium alloy screw performance

1. Features

Titanium heat exchangers are not easy to lose metal ions, so they can make full use of this non-magnetic feature and be used as heat exchangers for pharmaceutical and food purposes. Due to the strong corrosion resistance of titanium, the heat exchanger has a long service life and low maintenance costs during use. In addition, because of its small size and large heat exchange capacity, the investment and operating costs of related equipment (such as pumps) can also be reduced accordingly.

2. Scope of application

Titanium heat exchangers rely on various excellent properties of industrial pure titanium and are widely used in all kinds of seafood breeding, seawater heat exchange, saltwater heat exchange, chemical industry, food, medicine, metallurgy, refrigeration, light industry, electroplating industry, aluminum oxidation tank, Industries and fields such as salt making, paper making, ultrasound, electronic communications, and central heating.

TA6V Titanium Bar     bending titanium tube     Molybdenum Sputtering Target     Grade 9 Titanium Plate

Titanium rod / wire material storage requirements for the warehouse environment

At present, with the increasing demand for titanium and titanium alloy pipe fittings in the petroleum, chemical, textile and other industries, the use of seamed titanium pipe fittings has been equivalent to the use of seamless pipe fittings, while the domestic titanium and titanium alloy seamless and There is no applicable national standard for welded pipe fittings, so it is urgent to establish national standards to regulate the quality of titanium and titanium alloy seamless and welded pipe fittings. This standard is formulated on the basis of referring to the above-mentioned standards and accumulating on the basis of years of use and production experience.

1. The scope of application of titanium alloy pipe fittings is specified, and the size is consistent with ASME B16.9: 2007 "Forged Steel Butt Welded Pipe III Fittings Made in Factory" from DN15 to DN1200;

2. The relevant symbols of titanium alloy pipe fittings are specified, and they are consistent with the current standard symbols for steel pipe fittings;

3. The classification, common materials, dimensions and tolerances, manufacturing, surface quality and non-destructive testing of titanium alloy pipe fittings are stipulated; the category and code of titanium alloy pipe fittings are basically the same as those of ASME and steel pipe fittings national standards. The only difference is that there are seams. The pipe fitting code is to add the letter "W" before the seamless pipe fitting code, which is not used in the national steel pipe fitting standard, but it is stated in ASME SB-363; the marking example is consistent with the steel pipe national standard; According to HG/T 3651-1999 "Titanium Butt Welding Seamless Pipe Fittings" and the latest titanium material standards, the commonly used titanium grades and related standards are specified; the dimensions and tolerances of titanium alloy pipe fittings are based on ASME SB-363 "Seamless and Welded non-alloy titanium and titanium alloy welded pipe fittings" and ASME B16.9: 2007 "Factory-made forged steel butt-welded pipe fittings"; individual dimensions are slightly different from the national standards for steel pipe fittings, such as DN20 pipe fittings "Outer diameter at the mouth", GB/T 12459 is "26.9mm", and this standard is "26.7mm". According to HG/T 3651-1999 "Titanium Butt Welding Seamless Pipe Fittings", GB/T 12459 "Steel Butt Welding Seamless Pipe Fittings", GB/T 13401 "Steel Butt Welding Seamless Pipe Fittings", ASME SB-363 "Seamless "Unalloyed Titanium and Titanium Alloy Welded Pipe Fittings Welded and Welded" and the experience accumulated in the manufacturing and use conditions stipulate the requirements of titanium alloy pipe fittings manufacturing, surface quality and non-destructive testing.

4. According to GB/T 12459 "Steel Butt Welding Seamless Pipe Fittings", GB/T 13401 "Steel Butt Welding Pipe Fittings" and ASME B16.9: 2007 "Forged Steel Butt Welding Pipe Fittings Made in Factory", the design of titanium alloy pipe fittings The verification test (including its procedures, methods, availability of results, coverage and requirements), product tests and test methods are specified;

5. Provisions are made for the inspection and acceptance, batching, inspection items and determination of inspection results of titanium alloy pipe fittings;

6. The requirements for marking, packaging, transportation and storage of titanium alloy pipe fittings are specified;

7. It specifies the content that should be included in the contract or purchase order when ordering titanium alloy pipe fittings.

The biggest advantage of alloy pipe fittings is that they can be recycled 100%, in line with the national strategy of environmental protection, energy saving, and resource saving. The national policy encourages the expansion of the application areas of alloy pipe fittings. At present, the consumption of alloy pipe fittings in my country accounts for only half of the total amount of steel in developed countries. The expansion of the use of alloy pipe fittings provides a broader space for the development of the industry.
titanium alloy bar     Gr1 Pure Titanium Tube     TiN Sputtering Target     thin titanium plate

Surface treatment method for processing titanium and titanium alloy forgings

At present, the global automobile industry has formed a "six big plus three small" competition pattern, namely, GM, Ford, Daimler-Chrysler, Toyota, Volkswagen, Renault-Nissan and other six major automobile groups with an annual output of more than 4 million vehicles. Plus three relatively independent car companies, namely Citroen-Peugeot (PSV), Honda, and BMW. At present, the key enterprises in China's automobile industry are FAW, SAIC, Dongfeng, Changan and BAIC. There are more than 5,400 enterprises nationwide. In 2005, more than 5.7 million vehicles were produced and sold.

At present, reducing fuel consumption and reducing hazardous waste (CO2, NOx, etc.) emissions have become one of the main driving forces and directions for technological progress in the automotive industry. Research shows that lightweight is an effective measure to save fuel and reduce pollution. For every 10% reduction in the quality of a car, fuel consumption can be reduced by 8%-10%, and exhaust emissions can be reduced by 10%. For this reason, countries all over the world are studying the issue of automobile lightweight. The preferred way to reduce the weight of automobiles is to replace traditional automobile materials (such as steel) with high-strength lightweight materials (aluminum, magnesium, titanium, etc.).

1. Advantages and disadvantages of titanium for automobiles

The application of titanium rods and titanium forgings in automobiles began in the 1950s, when the titanium industry was just born. Due to technical and price reasons, the application of titanium in automobiles has not attracted the attention of the industry. With the improvement of automobile energy saving and environmental protection standards, it has gradually become a hot topic of common concern in the international materials and automobile circles in recent years.

Titanium rods and titanium forgings have a variety of excellent properties and are the preferred materials for many different types of auto parts. The main advantages and applications are as follows.

(1) The low density is only 60% of the steel density, which can not only reduce the mass of the whole vehicle, but also reduce the inertia of motion for high-speed moving parts.

(2) High specific strength Among various metal materials, the specific strength of titanium is almost the highest, which can be used as load-bearing parts;

(3) The modulus of elasticity is small, only 50% of steel, and the fatigue strength is large, suitable for springs;

(4) Good heat resistance, can work for a long time at 200-650℃, suitable for high temperature parts;

(5) The coefficient of thermal expansion is small, which is 50% of that of stainless steel and aluminum, suitable for parts such as engine valves;

(6) Good corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance is better than aluminum, magnesium and stainless steel. It can resist corrosion from the atmosphere, rain, moisture on antifreeze roads and high-temperature exhaust gas containing hydrogen sulfide. It is suitable for exhaust nozzles and other parts with harsh operating conditions. ；

(7) Good frost resistance. In the environment of minus 100℃, low temperature brittleness will not occur;

(8) Good formability. Parts of various shapes can be manufactured through stamping, hot forging, powder metallurgy, precision casting, etc.;

(9) Good decorativeness Through oxidation treatment, various decorative materials with bright colors can be formed.

In addition to TC4 titanium alloy rods and TC4 titanium forgings for automobiles, titanium materials such as TiAl-based intermetallic compounds, reinforced titanium rods, and titanium forgings have higher heat resistance, rigidity and wear resistance.

The advantages of using titanium in automobiles are: reduce quality and reduce fuel consumption; improve power transmission effects and reduce noise; reduce vibration and reduce component load; improve vehicle durability and protect the environment.

The disadvantages are: under normal circumstances, the wear resistance of titanium used in automobiles is not good, the elasticity is lower than steel, and it is difficult to machine. However, the wear resistance can be improved by coating or strengthening, and the elasticity can be improved by reinforcement. If the machining adopts near-net forming technology or other processing conditions, the shortcomings can be minimized. What really hinders the wide application of titanium rods and titanium forgings is the cost of titanium rods and titanium forgings, which are determined by the complexity of titanium's raw materials, smelting, and processing techniques. The smelting cost is basically the energy cost necessary to separate titanium from oxygen, and the processing cost is usually the processing and polishing cost. Polishing includes a process of removing the cracks or surface damage caused by a large amount of oxygen.
titanium alloy rod     Gr1 Pure Titanium Pipe     Titanium Planar Target     thin titanium sheet

What are the advantages of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy as a surgical implant material?

Titanium alloys can be divided into structural titanium alloys, heat-resistant titanium alloys, corrosion-resistant alloys, low-temperature alloys, and special functional alloys (memory alloys, superconducting alloys, hydrogen storage alloys) and so on.

1. Structural titanium alloy

Low-strength titanium alloys are mainly used for corrosion-resistant titanium alloys. Other titanium alloys are used for structural parts called structural alloys. In practical applications, structural titanium alloys are divided into: normal-strength titanium alloys, medium-strength titanium alloys, and high-strength titanium alloys. alloy. Ordinary strength titanium alloy: Due to its good processing and formability and weldability, it is mostly used in the manufacture of various aviation sheet parts and civil products such as hydraulic pipes and bicycles. Medium-strength titanium alloy: The typical alloy is TC4, which is mostly used in high-tech industries such as aerospace and rocket launches. High-strength titanium alloy: generally used to replace the high-degree structural steel commonly used in aircraft structures.

2. Heat-resistant titanium alloy

Refers to a titanium alloy suitable for long-term work at higher temperatures. It has high instantaneous permanent strength in the entire working temperature range, good plasticity at room temperature, good creep resistance and good thermal stability, and fatigue resistance at room temperature and high temperature. It is mostly used in the manufacture of aircraft parts, disks, blades, air intake receivers and aircraft structural parts.

3. Corrosion-resistant titanium alloy

Refers to suitable for the application of titanium alloys in strong corrosive media. Corrosion-resistant titanium alloys are mainly low-strength alloys, such as titanium molybdenum, titanium target, titanium molybdenum target, titanium nickel, titanium tantalum and other alloys that are common in practice.

4. Low temperature titanium alloy

It refers to α and α-β titanium alloys suitable for use at low temperatures. The strength of this type of titanium alloy increases with the decrease of temperature, and the toughness rarely decreases with the decrease of temperature. It can be used as low-temperature structural parts. It has been widely used in shipbuilding, chemical industry, metallurgy, medical treatment, etc.
Grade 2 Titanium Round Bar     Gr12 Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni Titanium Sheet     Titanium Hex Nut     F2 Pure Titanium Forging

Performance Advantages of Medical Titanium Alloy Materials and Analysis of Practical Application in Industry

Titanium alloy materials have good biocompatibility with the human body and good corrosion resistance in the human environment. Therefore, as an emerging material, it is used in the development and development of China's pharmaceutical industry, medical equipment, and human implants. It has only been used for nearly two decades, but it has achieved great success and has shortened the gap between China and the world's advanced countries.

①The low density of titanium makes medical parts lightweight and comfortable.

② Titanium has suitable strength and high fatigue strength, which can meet the strength requirements of bones, joints, surgical instruments, and rehabilitation equipment (such as wheelchairs).

③Titanium is resistant to corrosion (good chemical stability), and antibody liquid is corroded, suitable for use in various parts of the body.

④ Good biocompatibility, non-toxic (no inflammation, carcinogenic effects).

⑤Good mechanical compatibility, the elastic modulus of titanium alloy can be reduced to 50~100GPa, reducing stress shielding, and good matching with human bones.

⑥Low X-ray absorption rate, good X-ray visibility during a medical examination.

⑦The shape memory function can be used as orthopedic rods, bone nails, internal fixators, hip concentrators, internal stents, and other applications for the spine.

⑧Super elastic, suitable for orthopedic wire, suture needle, etc.

⑨With good processing and formability, it is suitable for making various products such as plates, rods, wires, tubes, capillaries, and special-shaped parts.
titanium round bar     Gr2 Pure Titanium Plate     Titanium Wing Nut     titanium alloy flange

Medical titanium alloy as a biomedical material for dental applications

In the 1980s, the research and application of titanium alloy pipes in the petroleum industry began in foreign countries. Chinese companies have also made certain progress in the development of titanium alloy tubing and casing, and the current products have been initially tested in wells. It is believed that in the near future, titanium alloy pipes will have more applications in the petroleum equipment industry, and new breakthroughs will be made in the world industry as soon as possible.

1), lower density

It can significantly reduce the string load, especially for ultra-deep oil well pipes.

2), higher strength

Including: tensile strength, creep strength, fatigue strength, etc. 　　 the specific strength of different materials at different temperatures.

3), excellent corrosion resistance

Excellent seawater corrosion resistance

4) Wide operating temperature range

The operating temperature of conventional titanium alloy ranges from minus 269 ℃ to minus 600 ℃.

5), large elastic deformation capacity

Titanium alloy has high yield strength and low elastic modulus (E), so it is very suitable for springs and other parts, and more importantly, it is suitable for large-reach horizontal wells.

6), lower expansion coefficient

This feature makes petroleum equipment more adaptable to temperature changes and reduces the internal stress of structural parts.

7), non-magnetic

Meet the requirements of normal use of some detection, communication and control methods in various equipment.

8), better processing performance

Titanium alloy pipes usually have good process properties such as casting, forging, welding, 3D printing, etc., which are often an important factor in the selection process of various engineering materials.
titanium square rod     Gr5 Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Sheet     6al4v titanium sheet     titanium block

Advantages and applications of medical titanium alloy in medical device manufacturing

When titanium rods and titanium alloy rods are heated to β phase, a → β polymorphic transformation occurs. Sometimes this process is also called recrystallization. The transition temperature of a→β of high purity titanium is 875+-5. But until the β phase is completely formed, it is difficult to observe this process with metallographic methods. The reason why phase β appears at low temperature is unclear. But the experiment pointed out that a and β mutually transform, whether it is heating or cooling, a phase and β phase always maintain a certain Bragg orientation relationship. There has been little research on the polymorphic transformation during heating in titanium alloys.

1. The transformation of titanium rods and titanium alloy rods during slow cooling

When titanium rods and titanium alloy rods are slowly cooled from the β phase region to the a + β phase region, a polymorphic transition of β → a will occur. It has been confirmed in high-purity titanium that the nucleation of phase a is martensitic at this time, and the growth depends on the thermal activation process. During the nucleation, the surface of the sample also has the bumps that occur during the martensitic transformation, and it also maintains a strict Bragg orientation relationship with the parent phase.

2. Transition in rapid cooling

The transformation of titanium rods and titanium alloy rods during rapid cooling from the β-phase region and the transformation products are different with the changes of the β-stabilizing element content. Martensitic transformation: 1.a`Block martensite cannot measure the orientation relationship; the acicular martensite a` and β phase maintain the Bragg orientation relationship. The inertial analysis plane is (334)β or (344). ) Β. 2.a" is found in Ti-Mo, Ti-W, Ti-Re, but not in Ti-V system; a" lattice parameter changes with composition; a" is the decrease in plasticity of titanium alloy.

Quenching ω phase formation: ω is a very small particle, which can only be observed by electron microscopy; ω increases the elastic modulus and hardness, and decreases the plasticity. The measurement of recrystallization mainly adopts the method of combining metallographic observation and X-ray diffraction. When recrystallization occurs, fine equiaxed grains appear on the deformed fibrous structure, and at the same time, the diffraction rings on the X-ray back-reflected Laue diagram begin to become unconnected spots. For heat-treatable β alloys, incomplete aging (500/4 to 8 hours, air cooling) can also be used to show the recrystallized structure, and the unrecrystallized grains after incomplete aging will appear dark after corrosion.
Titanium Clad Copper Plate     Grade 1 Titanium Plate     ASTM F67 Gr2 Titanium Sheet     titanium forged block

A new generation of medical titanium alloy rod and wire

Titanium standard parts are called titanium fasteners or titanium screws. Because of their excellent performance, they are widely used in auto parts. Combined with the supply-demand of titanium alloy materials for automobiles for many years, the performance of titanium standard parts is shared as follows:

1) Low density: It can not only reduce the weight of the whole vehicle but also reduce the inertia of motion for high-speed moving parts;

2) High specific strength: Among various metal materials, the specific strength of titanium is almost the highest, which can be used as load-bearing parts;

3) The modulus of elasticity is small: only 50% of steel and the fatigue strength is large, suitable for springs;

4) Good heat resistance: it can work for a long time under 200~650, suitable for high-temperature parts;

5) Small thermal expansion coefficient: 50% of stainless steel and aluminum, suitable for parts such as engine valves;

6) Good corrosion resistance: better than aluminum, magnesium and stainless steel, it is resistant to corrosion by the atmosphere, rain, moisture on antifreeze roads and high-temperature exhaust gas containing hydrogen sulfide, and is suitable for parts with harsh working conditions such as exhaust nozzles;

7) Good frost resistance: in an environment of minus 100, low temperature brittleness will not occur;

8) Good formability: various shapes of parts can be prepared by stamping, hot forging, powder metallurgy, precision casting and other methods;

9) Good decoration: through oxidation treatment, various decorative materials with bright colors can be formed.
ASTM B265 Gr5 Titanium Strip     titanium foil strip     grade 1 titanium foil     Gr23 Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium Foil

Titanium alloy forging method

Titanium alloy screws are prone to rust when exposed in the air. Therefore, titanium alloy screws need to be moisture-proof and moisture-proof:

1. The choice of component insulation impregnating varnish, such as epoxy resin or polyurethane impregnating varnish. Choose paint that does not contain volatile acids. The vibration machinery uses solvent-free paint.

2. For the use of titanium alloy screw melamine alkyd paint, the curing temperature and curing time should be adjusted. The curing temperature is slightly higher than 130 degrees Celsius and the curing time is greater than 180 minutes. It is appropriate to implement the process strictly, especially in the hot and humid seasons. Because of the concept of rust and rust, the conventional drying time of the sample paint factory is not necessarily abundant, and cars have a specific internal shape.

3. Surface corrosion treatment of titanium alloy screws refers to the use of various methods to maintain the metal surface. The role is to isolate the metal from the corrosive environment to inhibit the corrosion process, reduce the contact between corrosive media and the metal surface, and achieve the purpose of preventing or slowing down corrosion.

Pay special attention to the selection of screw material:

1. The mechanical properties and strength requirements of the screw material are strong. Some screws need a relatively high strength, and then choose the higher the strength of the screw material itself.

2. The corrosion resistance of materials in working conditions is required. Part of the screws of the standard network are used for the above-mentioned products with strong corrosion. This requires us to choose the corrosion resistance of strong spiral steel wires.

3. The material's heat resistance and working temperature requirements. When some titanium alloy screws are used for high temperature operation, it is necessary to select the high temperature performance of the screw material.

4. Performance requirements in the production process of material processing. Some titanium alloy screws need to deal with the difficulty of thread and hardness in the production process, so it is necessary to choose the appropriate hardness of the screw material, which is conducive to processing and production.

5. The choice of screw material is affected by the weight, price, purchase and other factors of the titanium alloy screw itself. It is a better choice to properly consider the materials in these fields.
medical titanium bar     ASTM B861 25*1.2mm Titanium Tube For Chemical     titanium hydrogenate powder     grade 7 titanium alloy plate