Hot working properties and industrial application of TC4 titanium alloy

Titanium and titanium alloy strip production is a process in which titanium and titanium alloy are processed into rectangular single sheets or coils through smelting, ingot casting, flat roll rolling, heat treatment and finishing processes.

The industrial production of titanium alloy strips in the world began in the early 1950s, and now it can produce strips with a roll weight of 4 to 5t and thick plates with a width of 4.2m. China started the production of titanium strips in the late 1950s, and built a larger titanium processing plant in the mid-1960s, forming a production system. The products have been serialized and can produce plates with a thickness of 0.3 to 30 mm and a thickness of 0.01. ~2.0mm strip.

Smelting and ingot casting Titanium has a high melting point and is chemically active. It is easy to interact with air and refractory materials at high temperatures or in a molten state. Titanium and titanium alloys are usually melted in a copper crucible cooled by water or liquid metal under a vacuum or inert gas atmosphere. At present, the most widely used in the production of titanium ingots is vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace smelting.

After mixing a certain proportion of sponge titanium, return material and alloy elements uniformly, they are pressed into a block (called electrode block) on a hydraulic press, and then the electrode block is welded into an electrode (rod) by a plasma welding method. In the electric arc furnace, it is remelted to form an ingot. In order to ensure the uniform composition of the ingot, the particle size of the added alloy elements, return material and sponge titanium are all controlled within a certain range, and vacuum remelting is adopted three times. Industrial-scale smelted titanium alloy ingots are generally 3-6t, and large-scale ingots reach 15t. Usually, the ingots melted by the vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace are round. In recent years, other methods, such as plasma smelting, electron beam smelting, shell smelting and electroslag smelting, have also been used to melt titanium alloy slabs and square ingots. For example, Japan uses a plasma beam furnace to smelt slabs weighing 3t, which are directly used for rolling strips.

Forging is the main method to break the as-cast crystal structure, improve material properties and obtain slabs of a certain size and shape. During the heating process before the slab forging, the titanium alloy easily reacts strongly with air to form an oxide scale and a getter layer, which reduces the plasticity and other properties of the material. Therefore, induction heating or heating in a room-shaped resistance furnace with good airtightness is often used. When using a flame furnace for heating, the furnace should be kept in a micro-oxidizing atmosphere, and a protective layer can also be coated on the surface of the ingot, or heated in an inert gas. Titanium alloys have low thermal conductivity. When heating large cross-sections or high-alloyed ingots, in order to prevent ingot cracking that may be caused by thermal stress, a low-temperature slow and high-temperature fast segmented heating method is usually used. Controlling the heating and final forging temperature of the ingot and the amount of forging deformation are important guarantees for obtaining high-quality titanium slabs.
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