Maintenance and storage of titanium tubes and titanium alloy tubes:

1. Titanium alloy pipes and elbows should be inspected regularly to keep the surface clean, remove dirt, and store them in a ventilated place indoors. Do not stack them or store them in the open.

2. Titanium alloy pipe elbow ball valve, stop valve and gate valve are only used to be fully open or fully closed. It is not allowed to adjust the flow to prevent erosion of the sealing surface and accelerate wear.

3, the gate valve and the upper thread stop valve are equipped with an inverted sealing device. The handwheel is rotated to the uppermost surface to ensure that it will not rust and will not fall. Keep titanium pipes, titanium elbows, titanium heads, titanium tees and other titanium pipe fittings stored in a dry and ventilated environment, keep the pipes and pipe fittings clean and uniform, and store them accurately.

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TA9 (American Standard Gr7)

TA9 grade is mechanically and physically equivalent to TA2 grade, except that the gap element palladium is added to make it an alloy. Grade 7 has excellent weldability and characteristics and is the most corrosion-resistant of all titanium alloys. In fact, it is most resistant to corrosion in reducing acids.

TA9 grade is used for chemical processes and production equipment parts.

TA9 has extremely strong corrosion resistance, especially in reducing the acidic environment.

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Ti 5Al-2.5Sn

Ti 5Al-2.5Sn is a non-heat-treatable alloy, which can obtain good weldability and stability. It also has high-temperature stability, high strength, good corrosion resistance, and good creep resistance. Creep refers to the phenomenon that plastic strain occurs for a long time at high temperatures.
Ti 5Al-2.5Sn is mainly used in aircraft and fuselage applications and low-temperature applications.
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Decryption, the application of targets in vacuum plating

With the development of the times, in order to meet the requirements of safer, more energy-efficient, lower noise, and reduce pollutant emissions, vacuum plating has become a new environmental protection trend in the surface treatment process. Unlike ordinary plating, vacuum plating is more environmentally friendly. At the same time, vacuum plating can produce a black effect with a good gloss that cannot be achieved by ordinary plating.

Vacuum plating is basically a physical deposition phenomenon, that is, argon is injected in a vacuum state, and the argon gas hits the target. The separated components of the target are adsorbed by the conductive goods to form a uniform and smooth surface layer. In this electroplating process, the target material is very important. So what are the applications of the target material in the vacuum electroplating process? Today, will introduce you in detail.

Generally, the application of targets in vacuum plating has the following characteristics:

(1) Metal, alloy or insulator can be made into thin-film material.

(2) Multiple and complex targets can be made into thin films of the same composition under appropriate setting conditions.

(3) By adding oxygen or other active gas in the discharge atmosphere, a mixture or compound of a target substance and a gas molecule can be produced.

(4) The target input current and sputtering time can be controlled, and it is easy to obtain high-precision film thickness.

(5) Compared with other processes, it is beneficial to produce a large area of ​​the uniform film.

(6) The sputtering particles are not affected by gravity, and the positions of the target and the substrate can be freely arranged.

(7) The adhesion strength between the substrate and the film is more than 10 times that of the ordinary vapor-deposited film, and because the sputtered particles have high energy, the surface will continue to diffuse on the film-forming surface to obtain a hard and dense film. At the same time, this high energy makes the substrate as long as Crystals can be obtained at lower temperatures.

(8) The initial nucleation density of the thin film is high, and it can produce very thin continuous films below 10nm.

(9) The target has a long life and can be continuously and automatically produced for a long time.

(10) The target can be made into various shapes, with the special design of the machine for better control and efficiency

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Application Status of Titanium and Titanium Alloy Wire

Titanium and titanium alloy materials, as the leader in metal materials, have a series of excellent properties that are incomparable with other metal materials. Therefore, they have developed rapidly in recent years and have been rapidly and widely used in high-tech fields such as aerospace and military industry. The United States, Russia, Japan, China and other countries around the world attach great importance to the research and development of titanium alloys, continue to develop new titanium alloy materials, and expand the application of titanium and titanium alloys. As research continues and product lines increase, many titanium products, such as titanium wire, have also increasingly entered the field of various consumer goods.

1. Classification of titanium and titanium alloy wires

Titanium can be divided into pure titanium and titanium alloy based on whether it contains alloy elements, and titanium alloy can be divided into α titanium alloy and near α type alloy, (α + β) type alloy, and near β type according to its composition and room temperature structure. Alloys and β-type alloys. According to the different properties of titanium and titanium alloys, different wire materials can be prepared. The finished products of titanium and titanium alloy wires are generally in the hard state (Y) and the annealed state (M).

2. Application of titanium and titanium alloy wire

Titanium and titanium alloys have good corrosion resistance, high specific strength, non-magnetism, high biocompatibility, low resistance to ultrasonic waves, high sound permeability coefficient, hydrogen storage and good shape memory functions. The excellent characteristics of important use values ​​have led to important uses in many fields such as aerospace, petrochemicals, medical and health, automotive, construction, and sports and leisure products.

Titanium and titanium alloy wires, as an important variety of titanium materials, have made great progress in terms of output, specifications and applications. In the general sense, titanium and titanium alloy wire refer to titanium products supplied in the form of discs or circular wires. As far as the diameter is concerned, the division of rods and wires is not strict, and countries vary. And in recent years, due to its continuous development, the variety is increasing, which provides it with more choices in high-performance industrial supplies and consumer goods applications. The application status of titanium and titanium alloy wire is systematically introduced in the following aspects.

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Manufacture of nuclear submarines from titanium rods, titanium wires, and titanium plates

Russia is an international leader in the research and manufacture of titanium alloy submarines. It is also the first country to build a pressure-resistant shell with titanium alloy. During peak periods, the annual output of titanium alloy plates and tubes for submarines is as high as 10,000 tons, accounting for 1/3 to 1/2 of the annual output of titanium alloy processed materials. Titanium plates for submarine heat exchangers require good thermal conductivity. The shell material is required to have good toughness to resist the shock wave caused by the bomb explosion. The titanium plate (thick plate) for submarine shells is produced in St. Petersburg, and the ingots are provided by the Upper Salda Metallurgical Production Joint Company. In terms of the development level of the titanium industry and the scale of the use of titanium plates and wires in the shipbuilding industry, Russia is far ahead of all other countries in the world. As Russia is ahead of competitors such as the United States in the field of ship material research, its scholars have called on the government to formulate a recent shipbuilding plan to avoid losing its leading position and the development potential it has formed, while ensuring that the Russian Navy will continue to lead in the 21st century In other countries.
Since the 1960s, Russia has developed four generations of nuclear submarines. The world ’s first K162 all-titanium nuclear submarine was launched in December 1968 and has been in operation for more than 30 years. Environmental assessment has never happened. Russia built the first "ALFA" class nuclear submarine in 1970 and continued to build six more in the 1970s and 1980s. Each one used titanium rods, titanium wires, and titanium plates for about 3,000 tons. The maximum dive depth was 914m, which is light and fast.
In the 1980s, six "Typhoon" class ballistic missile nuclear submarines with titanium rods, titanium wires and titanium plates of 9000 tons were manufactured. The first "Typhoon" class nuclear submarine was built in 1980 and commissioned in 1984. Its underwater displacement is 33800t, and the underwater speed is about 27 knots. The "Typhoon" nuclear submarine is the largest submarine in the world. It has a double-shell structure. The non-pressure-resistant shell is made of high-strength and low-magnetic steel. The pressure-resistant shell is made of titanium alloy. Can carry 20 strategic missiles. The launch time of the sixth Typhoon submarine was at the end of 1989, and the Typhoon series will be retired at the beginning of the 21st century.
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Application of titanium flange in military industry

Due to the special requirements of space vehicles in reducing structural weight and improving structural efficiency, the aerospace and aerospace industries have always been the main targets for the promotion and application of titanium alloys. Especially in the early days of the development of titanium flanges, that is, in the 1950s, almost all titanium flanges were used to manufacture aviation aircraft. Only from the 1960s did it gradually expand to the petroleum, chemical, shipbuilding, power station, and other sectors. Even today, it can still be said that the development of aerospace and aerospace technology is the basic factor that promotes the advancement of titanium flanges. In turn, the emergence of new materials will also help the development and application of new aircraft.
Due to the performance characteristics of titanium flanges, it is preferentially used in aviation engines. It replaces aluminum flanges and some stainless steel and high-strength steels to make the main components of compressors, such as compressor rotor blades, disks, stator blades, and casings. Reduce structural weight and increase the weight-to-weight ratio. For example, the Soviet Union was equipped with a MiG-2l engine P11-300 in the early days, and its compressor was mainly a steel structure, while the latter improved P13-300 engine (equipped with MiG-21MF), it used a titanium compressor to make the thrust-to-weight ratio (The ratio of the thrust generated by the engine to the gravity of the perturbation engine) was increased from 5.38 to 5.83. In the 1970s, the Soviet-made P29-300 engine (equipped with MiG-23S) further increased the amount of titanium, so that the thrust-to-weight ratio reached 6.5. At present, the amount of titanium flanges used in aero engines has stabilized between 15-30%.
In terms of aircraft bodies, the application of titanium flanges was a little later. In the early days, it was mainly used to manufacture non-stressed components, such as heat shields and firewalls for the rear fuselage, but it quickly expanded to hydraulic components such as various joints and bulkheads. , Beams, landing gear, etc.
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Residual titanium recycling and production of processed materials

Titanium processing plants produce processed materials according to the current process, and the residual titanium produced accounts for about 40% of the input amount. The degree of residual titanium recycling is one of the key factors affecting the cost of processed materials. After years of work, great achievements have been made in the recycling of residual materials; rapid identification of the residual materials, crushing, descaling, degreasing, removing high-density inclusions, electrode preparation methods for adding residual materials, and melting processes have been solved A series of problems formed a complete set of residual material recovery and utilization tools to make various shapes of residual material can be recycled. In pure titanium ingots, the amount of residual titanium added has reached 20-30%. Using this process, more than 1,000 tons of residues have been recovered, so that the overall utilization factor reached about 1.5. In addition to the self-consumption arc furnace recovery of residual materials, a certain amount of experience has been accumulated in the use of plasma furnaces and condensing furnaces to recover residual materials. Hydrogenation and electron beam furnace melting have also been successful in recovering residual materials. At the same time, the use of residual materials has been extended to the steelmaking and smelting industries. In this way, all types of residual titanium have been recycled. The recycling of residual titanium in publishing processing plants has been basically solved.

At present, there are mainly four units engaged in the production of titanium processed materials in China. The production capacity of the processed material currently depends entirely on the production capacity of the ingot. The annual output of titanium processing materials has reached more than 1,000 tons, 18 alloy grades for industrial production, and 16 for industrial trial production. Although more than 80% of the current titanium processing materials are pure titanium, the alloys included in the national standard of Hequan and industrial trial production have undergone a lot of research and trial production. As long as necessary, these alloys can be produced according to requirements. The varieties of processed materials include plates, strips, foils, rods, tubes, wires, and various cakes and ring forgings, most of which are medium-sized products. In recent years, the rapid growth of titanium in the world, wide coils for welding pipes, large-scale forgings, and various profiles, etc., are still domestically added equipment and technical transformation before production. However, the size of the specifications and the increase of varieties have potential. As long as there is a need, the titanium processing plant can try to solve it.

In the development of titanium processing, we have not only formed a commonly used set of internationally produced alloy grades, varieties, and specifications, but also developed direct extrusion of ingots, anti-oxidation coatings, electrolytic removal of scale, and pipes. Warm rolling, titanium-copper composite rods and explosive compounding and rolling processes, most of which have been practically applied in production. For example, hundreds of tons of titanium-steel composite plates have been produced by the explosive compounding process, which has a good effect and plays an important role in the promotion of titanium materials.

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Titanium heat exchangers are widely used in various seafood breeding

Titanium heat exchangers are suitable for many places, such as for seafood farming, so what are the benefits of titanium heat exchangers for seafood farming? Titanium will explain to you that titanium heat exchangers are widely used in various seafood breeding.
Titanium heat exchangers can be seen from the root of titanium, and have always been very stable in terms of chemical substances. They can be seen from more occupations. They have excellent corrosion resistance. Titanium heat exchangers are cold liquids that transfer some heat. device of. Titanium heat exchangers are not easy to lose metal ions, so they can make full use of this non-magnetic feature to make heat exchangers for pharmaceutical and food applications. Because titanium has strong corrosion-resistance, the heat exchanger has a long service life and low maintenance costs during use. In addition, it has the advantages of small size and large heat exchange capacity, and the related equipment investment and operating costs will be reduced accordingly. Titanium heat exchangers are widely used in various seafood breeding due to the excellent properties of industrial pure titanium.
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The role of titanium plate in seawater purification

The main characteristics of titanium plate for desalination:
Low density, high specific strength (strength / specific gravity). The density of titanium is 4.51g / cm3, which is higher than aluminum but lower than steel, copper, and nickel. But the specific strength is at the top of the metal, 3 times that of stainless steel, and 1.3 times that of aluminum alloy; good corrosion resistance) Titanium is a very active metal, its equilibrium potential is very low, and the tendency of thermodynamic corrosion in the medium is large. But in fact titanium is very stable in many media, such as titanium is resistant to corrosion in oxidizing, neutral and weak reducing media. This is because titanium has a great affinity with oxygen. In the air or in an oxygen-containing medium, a dense, strong, inert oxide film is formed on the titanium surface, which protects the titanium substrate from corrosion. It will heal or regenerate quickly even due to mechanical wear. This indicates that titanium is a metal with a strong tendency to passivate. Titanium oxide film always maintains this characteristic when the medium temperature is below 315 ℃ 3. Good heat transfer performance Although the thermal conductivity of metallic titanium is lower than that of carbon steel and copper, the wall thickness can be greatly reduced due to the excellent corrosion resistance of titanium. Moreover, the surface and steam heat exchange method is droplet condensation, which reduces the heat group. If the surface is not fouled, the thermal resistance can be reduced, and the heat transfer performance of titanium is significantly improved.
Good heat resistance
The new titanium alloy can be used for a long time at a temperature of 600 ° C or higher.
Low-temperature titanium alloys, such as titanium alloys, which have good low-temperature resistance, have higher strength as the temperature decreases, but their plasticity has not changed much. The property that the tensile strength and its yield strength are close to titanium indicates that its yield ratio (tensile strength / yield strength) is high, which indicates that the metal titanium material has poor plastic deformation during forming. Because the ratio of the yield limit of titanium to the modulus of elasticity is large, the springback capacity of titanium during molding is large.
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Development of titanium and titanium alloys in China's aerospace applications

Titanium and titanium alloys are important materials in the fields of aerospace, chemical industry, metallurgy, and other fields. China's titanium resource reserves and raw material production capacity are the world's first, but the ability to convert to titanium is only 50%. The large-scale titanium forgings urgently needed by the aerospace and other industries have long relied on imports, and the constraint bottleneck is the lack of complete equipment and technology for the preparation of heavy-duty non-ferrous numerically controlled titanium electrodes. The development of high-performance and low-cost aerospace materials is an inevitable trend in the development of aerospace models in the future. How to optimize the technology to improve the performance of titanium alloys and reduce the cost of titanium alloys will be a strategic key issue for the development of the titanium industry in the future.

The future development direction of titanium and titanium alloys used in China's spacecraft is 1. High performance, that is, the development of high strength and toughness titanium alloys with good strength and plasticity and titanium alloys with better temperature resistance; 2. Low Cost-effectiveness, that is, the development of titanium alloys containing no or less precious metal elements, and titanium rods and plates that are easy to form and cut; 3, high processing rates, that is, the development of powder metallurgy, superplastic forming-diffusion connection ( SPF-DB), precision casting and other technologies. With the development of China's aerospace technology, powder titanium alloys and cast titanium alloys will be widely used. The increased speed of spacecraft and the demanding requirements for lightweight components, low cost and high reliability have brought opportunities for the application and development of powder titanium alloys and cast titanium alloys. Compared with the cast titanium alloy, the powder titanium alloy has a smaller and uniform internal structure and has no component segregation, and its performance is better than that of the cast titanium alloy. High-performance powder titanium alloys have been applied in key aerospace components abroad, and related research in China has also made good progress. The advent of the new technology of superplastic forming/diffusion connection has provided a broad space for the development of titanium alloys. Superplastic forming/diffusion connection structural parts are used to replace expensive components, machined parts and repaired problematic structures, and reduce the preparation time required for many tools during assembly. Superplastic forming/diffusion connection is expected to have significant effects on future aerospace influences.

The spacecraft operates under extreme conditions such as ultra-high temperature, ultra-low temperature, high vacuum, high stress, and strong corrosion. In addition to relying on optimized structural design, it also depends on the excellent characteristics and functions of the material. For aerospace materials, lightweight and high strength, high-temperature resistance, low-temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance are the main criteria for selecting materials for aerospace products. According to the demand of aerospace products for materials, titanium alloys have formed different development directions in the aerospace field, including high-toughness titanium alloys, high-temperature titanium alloys, low-temperature titanium alloys, cast titanium alloys, and powder titanium alloys. The titanium electrode is used as a consumable electrode in a vacuum consumable arc furnace, and it is smelted into heavy-duty non-ferrous titanium ingots. It is an urgently needed basic material for the development of large aircraft manufacturing. The equipment can produce 12.5 tons of heavy-duty non-ferrous titanium ingots with maximum electrode preparation. It is a heavy-duty non-ferrous complete equipment urgently needed in China's metal industry. In recent years, China has developed rapidly in the field of aerospace, with continuous mass production of new aircraft and many projects under development. It is estimated that the amount of titanium used in these two fields will increase significantly. China has already matured in the use of titanium alloys. Over time, the application of our titanium alloys can also make a leap in the aerospace industry.

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Titanium and titanium alloy castings also have a wide range of applications in daily industrial production.

Titanium and titanium alloy castings also have a wide range of applications in daily industrial production. Because titanium and titanium alloys have good corrosion resistance, they are irreplaceable materials for chemical and other corrosion-resistant industries. Widely used in chemical, paper, petroleum, alkali, metallurgy, pesticide and other industries. The main application products are industrial titanium and titanium-palladium alloy casting titanium pumps, titanium fans, various types of valves, such as: globe valves, ball valves, plug valves, gate valves, butterfly valves, check valves, etc.

With the improvement of people's living standards and the improvement of health quality requirements, titanium alloys have been increasingly used in the medical and health field due to their many advantages such as high fatigue strength and super affinity for the human body. Such as: cast titanium alloy hip joint repair parts, knee joint repair parts, human prosthetics, oral repair and so on. The use of titanium alloy precision castings in the field of sports equipment is very large, such as: bicycle accessories, golf heads. Especially the titanium alloy golf head has the largest market capacity, but the casting process is relatively complicated.

At present, the scope of use of titanium and titanium alloy castings is still expanding, and more fields of application are also being studied successively, but there are still some problems: 1. There are few alloy varieties and brands, and the titanium alloys commonly used are basically industrial pure Titanium casting and TC4 alloy casting. 2. The scope of application of castings is small, most of the castings are used in the petrochemical industry (industrial pure titanium castings), and there are few applications in the aerospace and aerospace fields, which makes it difficult to improve the technology and technical level of the titanium casting industry in China. 3. The molding technology is generally backward. Most manufacturers use graphite molding technology (machined graphite and tamped graphite), but investment casting is rarely used. The surface of the casting is relatively rough. 4. The melting equipment is basically a vacuum consumable electrode arc condensing furnace. The melting process is more dangerous, the molten metal is not overheated, which causes defects such as flow marks and cold insulation on the casting surface. Thin-walled parts are formed. difficult.

In order to improve the backward state of production of the titanium casting industry in China and the overall process and technology level of the titanium casting industry in China, the following aspects need to be studied: 1. Improving the existing molding process and studying new binders and molding materials , Simplify the process, shorten the production cycle and reduce production costs. 2. Research and develop new melting and casting equipment and technology, improve superheat of molten metal, improve and improve the fluidity and filling capacity of casting titanium liquid, and create favorable conditions for the development of large and complex thin-walled integral precision castings . 3. Further expand the application of computer simulation solidification technology in titanium alloy casting to improve the quality of castings and reduce the rejection rate of castings. 4. Research and develop various heat treatment processes and thermochemical treatment techniques for titanium alloy castings to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium alloy castings. 5. Investment casting can only produce small and medium-sized castings. A modeling process for producing larger, cleaner, and more efficient castings should be sought to increase the production capacity of titanium alloy castings.
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Analysis of performance advantages of medical titanium alloy materials and practical application in the industry

Titanium medical equipment is the third generation surgical instrument after carbon steel and stainless steel. In order to improve the anti-rust performance of stainless steel equipment, it is often subjected to surface treatment such as chrome plating and electric polishing. However, chromium is toxic, and the detached chromium layer will affect the human body to some extent.

The benefits of titanium as a medical device are:

1. Lightweight instruments, which can reduce damage to blood vessels, muscles and organs during surgery, reduce doctor's fatigue, titanium instruments are more suitable for fine microsurgery;

2. Good corrosion resistance and non-toxic, the equipment does not rust, the wound is not easy to be infected, and the wound heals quickly;

3. Moderate elasticity of titanium, suitable for making medical pliers, tweezers, micro-scalpels, and other instruments;

4. When operating under a shadowless lamp, titanium has weaker reflective properties and is more suitable than stainless steel.

Titanium medical devices mainly include scalpels, surgical forceps, surgical tweezers, thoracic amplifiers, suture needles, sutures, etc. Titanium wire is used as a surgical suture. Compared with other materials, it has the advantages of small tissue response and good torsion resistance. After suture, the surgical wound is less prone to inflammation and the bone suture site is not easily displaced. The suture is generally made of pure titanium wire (TA2 or TA1 titanium wire) with a diameter of 0.5 ~ 0.8mm. In addition, the soft elasticity that TiNi superelastic wire can produce can promote the rapid healing of wounds.

In addition, titanium is also an important material for assisting rehabilitation equipment, such as making wheelchairs, crutches, splints, and medical instruments.

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