Operational characteristics of titanium alloy plate straightening process

Check whether the straightening machine is operating normally, and check and remove all dirt, oil and metal chips on the machine. Then, adjust the brief analysis between the upper and lower rolls of the straightening machine.

In the straightening operation, it is required that the titanium alloy plate cannot have corners or crimping, otherwise, it must be flattened with a mallet; dirt and titanium chips are not allowed on the titanium alloy plate, otherwise, it must be cleaned and cleaned in time; the titanium alloy plate is straightened It must be aligned to the center, no skew, if any skew is found, it must be adjusted; the titanium alloy plate is not allowed to pass through the straightening machine, nor is it allowed to straighten two overlapping plates at the same time.

When the titanium alloy plate is straightened, when local waves are found, the pressure of the machine must be adjusted in time to eliminate the waves. For example, when there is a wave in the middle of the iron plate, the support roller in the middle should be raised (that is, u value is lowered). The larger the wave, the larger the rise, and so on.

When the titanium alloy plate is straightened, if the effective plate is stuck in the machine and is not allowed to pass by force, stop immediately, raise the roller, and then return to the titanium alloy plate. If you need to retreat the titanium alloy plate, you should also lift the roller to work.

It is not allowed to pressurize the work roll during the shutdown. At the same time, the straightened titanium alloy plate should be re-examined, and if there is any unqualified straightening, repeat the straightening. If straightening is really impossible, you should send it to a tension leveler for straightening.

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What are the titanium plate manufacturing processes?

Hot forging is a forging process performed above the metal recrystallization temperature. Hot rolling is a rolling process performed at a temperature higher than the recrystallization temperature. Cold rolling: A rolling process in which the plastic deformation temperature is lower than the recovery temperature. Annealing: A metal heat treatment process that slowly heats the metal to a certain temperature, keeps it for a sufficient time, and then cools it at an appropriate rate (usually slow cooling, sometimes controlled cooling). Pickling: The parts are immersed in an aqueous solution such as sulfuric acid to remove oxides and other films on the metal surface. It is the pre-treatment or intermediate treatment of electroplating, enamel, rolling and other processes.

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Stress and deformation of metal titanium rod titanium tube during drawing

The cutting force of titanium alloy processing is only slightly higher than that of steel of the same hardness, but the physical phenomenon of processing titanium alloy is much more complicated than processing steel, which makes titanium alloy processing face huge difficulties. The thermal conductivity of most titanium alloys is very low, only 1/7 that of steel and 1/16 that of aluminum.

Therefore, the heat generated in the process of cutting titanium alloy will not be quickly transferred to the workpiece or taken away by the chips, but will be concentrated in the cutting area. The temperature generated can be as high as 1,000 ℃, causing the cutting edge of the tool to quickly wear, crack and Generate built-up edge, wear blades quickly appear, and generate more heat in the cutting area, further shortening the life of the tool.

The high temperature generated during the cutting process also destroys the surface integrity of the titanium alloy parts, resulting in a decrease in the geometric accuracy of the parts and a work hardening phenomenon that severely reduces its fatigue strength.

The elasticity of titanium alloy may be beneficial to the performance of parts, but in the cutting process, the elastic deformation of the workpiece is an important cause of vibration. The cutting pressure causes the "elastic" workpiece to leave the tool and rebound, so that the friction between the tool and the workpiece is greater than the cutting action. The friction process also generates heat, which aggravates the poor thermal conductivity of titanium alloys.

This problem is even more serious when processing thin-walled or ring-shaped parts that are easily deformed. It is not an easy task to process thin-walled titanium alloy parts to the expected dimensional accuracy. Because when the workpiece material is pushed away by the tool, the local deformation of the thin wall has exceeded the elastic range and plastic deformation occurs, and the material strength and hardness of the cutting point increase significantly. At this time, machining according to the originally determined cutting speed becomes too high, which further leads to sharp tool wear.

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Process performance of industrial pure titanium

Titanium alloy is a very light material, it has small elasticity, high strength, and also has a good heat resistance and corrosion resistance. It is one of the important materials used to manufacture weapons and equipment, and it is also a relatively common material currently used by nuclear submarines. Whether it is Chinese nuclear submarines or US and Russian nuclear submarines, they use a large amount of titanium alloy materials in their own submarine construction. The proportion of titanium alloy materials used is also very different. For example, Russian nuclear submarines like to use a lot of titanium alloy materials, while the US military nuclear submarines use titanium alloy materials relatively low-key. China has abundant reserves of titanium alloy resources, and the reserves of ilmenite ore rank first in the world. The moderate use of titanium alloys on nuclear submarines will greatly improve the hardware performance of China's nuclear submarines.

 Titanium alloy has a huge advantage for China's nuclear submarines. In particular, China has made great achievements in the use of titanium alloy materials. The C919 large passenger plane and the CZ-5 high-thrust launch vehicle all use key rare metal materials such as titanium and titanium alloys. Titanium alloy, as one of the important materials for weapons manufacturing, is mainly used to manufacture rockets, missiles and other weapons components or engine and compressor parts. Not only that, but it can also be used to make delicate parts and even submarines.

Countries in the world are working hard to study the casting technology of titanium alloys, but the three countries with the highest achievements are the United States, Russia and China. The United States occupies a leading position in this regard, but because the domestic production of titanium is not high, it usually only uses titanium alloys in key and necessary places. Russia has continued to develop in the field of titanium alloy technology based on the former Soviet Union's experience in manufacturing many nuclear submarines from titanium alloys. And China, as a country that developed military science and technology late, is not lost to other military powers. According to records, my country has used nearly 20% of the titanium alloy material in the manufacture of the J-20 to increase the life of the airframe.

This is our great power weapon, and it will play an important role in the future. It also fully proves that our country has begun to grow stronger in industry and gradually rise in military power.

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Industrial pure titanium is excellent in stress corrosion resistance, and damage to titanium equipment due to stress corrosion is rare.

The pickling conditions of titanium rods and titanium alloy rods are determined by the types (characteristics) of the oxide layer and the existing reaction layer, and the types of this layer are subject to high-temperature heating processes and increased processing temperatures (for example, forging, casting, welding, etc.) )Impact. At a lower processing temperature, it may be about 600 degrees: the following high-temperature heating temperature conditions only generate a thin oxide layer. Under high-temperature conditions, it forms an oxygen-rich dispersion zone near a certain oxide layer, and it is also necessary to go through pickling Remove this oxygen-rich dispersion layer. A variety of different methods for removing scale can be selected: the mechanical method of removing the thick oxide layer and hard outer layer, the method of removing oxide scale in a molten salt bath, and the method of removing oxide scale by acid elution in acid solution

In many cases, a combination of several methods can be used. For example, a combination of a mechanical method of removing oxide scale and then pickling, or a combination of salt bath and then pickling. In the case of an oxide layer and a dispersion layer formed at a higher temperature, a special method should be used^ but when heated to 600 degrees at a high temperature: most of the oxide layer formed can be dissolved after the usual pickling Drop.

The mechanical method of removing the oxide scale usually adopts the method of sandblasting, polishing, brushing and then pickling to remove the oxide layer formed under high-temperature conditions. In any case, it is necessary to adopt measures to prevent mechanically disposed of foreign impurities from passing through the metal surface, because the subsequent thermal processing or thermal treatment process may cause cracks due to the reduction of plasticity. Corundum, emery or steel grit is usually used when disposing of forgings. When disposing of plates, shot blasting is also used to remove the oxide scale. In order to achieve the surface quality of titanium, cold rolling or fine grinding is then performed. It can be unevenly removed by salt bath or pickling to remove more than 750 degrees: the thick adhesive oxide layer formed at the temperature, and the oxide scale can be removed beyond words only by grinding. In this case, it is difficult to choose a lower grinding speed (5*10m/s). This can prevent overheating of the grinding surface because a hardened layer develops due to oxygen absorption in the overheated area.

It is necessary to corrode or polish the deoxidized surface to improve the surface quality several times. Before the disposal, the external surface should be degreased. It can be dewaxed in organic solvents to prevent stress crack corrosion as much as possible. It should not be rich in chlorides or hydrocarbons with similar effects, or in alkaline solutions rich in water. During degreasing. Titanium is stable to this medium, as long as the dirt adhered to the surface can be dissolved, but the titanium surface itself does not corrode. In order to corrode the thinner oxide layer, an acid solution can be used for corrosion. Adjust the composition of the acid solution in the pickling tank according to the desired appearance or characteristics. In most cases, it is rich in hydrofluoric acid as the basic substance, and hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid is also used in individual cases.

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Types and production technology of titanium pipes for marine engineering

Titanium alloy pipes are divided into seamless pipes and welded pipes.

Titanium alloy seamless pipes are generally processed by extrusion + rolling or diagonal rolling piercing + rolling. Hot extrusion is a plastic processing technology that uses the principle of plastic material deformation to use a die to make a titanium alloy blank into a material with a certain shape, thickness and performance in a hot state. It is a complex process that combines plastic deformation and flow deformation. The material is in a state of three-way compressive stress during extrusion, which is beneficial to the plasticity of the material. The economic pressing process mainly uses rice to produce seamless pipes, bars and profiles for drinking gold. The main processing parameters of the extrusion process include extrusion ratio, extrusion temperature, extrusion speed and so on. When extruding the tube, a hollow tube made of titanium alloy loose material through deep hole processing or hot pressure perforation is also used as the original blank. The size of the hollow tube blank is determined by the inner diameter of the extrusion barrel of the extruder. Due to the high viscosity of drink alloys, copper, mild steel or other metals are usually covered during extrusion, or the surface of titanium alloy is covered with grease, glass lubricant, etc. for extrusion. Through extrusion, titanium alloy thick-walled pipes or titanium alloy pipes that do not require high dimensional accuracy can be directly prepared. High-precision alloy seamless pipes are generally produced by rolling technology. The billets are generally extruded pipe blanks. Commonly used pipe rolling methods include two-half pass cold rolling, two-roll ring pass cold rolling, and multi-roll cold rolling. Rolling, two-target warm rolling and multi-roll warm rolling, etc. For pure titanium with low strength and high plasticity, it is generally produced by cold rolling. The deformation of the pass is generally controlled at 20% to 60%. Annealing treatment is required between passes to eliminate work hardening and restore plasticity. For medium and high-strength titanium alloys, due to high tensile strength, large deformation resistance and poor processing plasticity: the warm-drying technology must be used when rolling seamless pipes, that is, induction heating devices or flame heaters are installed on the rolling mill. The heating temperature is controlled at about 100°C below the recrystallization temperature.

For large-diameter thick-walled titanium composite pipes: generally, the skew-rolling piercing method is also used for production. The cross-rolling piercing method uses tensile stress along the weave and transverse directions of the rolled blanks to cause micro-cracks in the core area of ​​the circular material, and then expand into a loose area. The use of high-temperature-resistant plugs enables the plastic deformation of the metal in the loose area: direct forming of the tube from the city. The heating temperature of the billet in this method is higher, which is beneficial to improve the new cracking properties of the pipe to achieve the purpose of high production efficiency, high material utilization rate and low production cost. Titanium alloy welded pipes are generally produced by welding, and welded pipes are produced with high precision A very efficient method for thin titanium alloy pipes: its production process is: titanium strip coil slitting → forming → welding → shaping and sizing ~ heat treatment straightening eddy current/ultrasonic inspection → airtight inspection of finished welded pipes. The production process is generally continuous production: The product quality has high stability, and the pipes produced are generally used for heat exchangers, condensers, etc.

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Preparation of titanium and titanium alloy seamless pipe blank

Industrial pure titanium contains a large amount of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and many other impurity elements (such as iron, silicon, etc.). It is essentially a titanium alloy with a low alloy content. Compared with chemically pure titanium, its strength is greatly improved due to its more impurity elements, and its mechanical and chemical properties are similar to stainless steel (but the strength is still lower than that of titanium alloy).

The characteristics of industrial pure titanium are: the strength is not high, but the plasticity is good, it is easy to be formed, stamped, welded, and has good machinability; it has good properties in the atmosphere, seawater, wet chlorine and oxidizing, neutral, and weakly reducing media. The corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance are better than most austenitic stainless steels, but the heat resistance is poor, and the use temperature should not be too high.

Industrial pure titanium is divided into three grades: TA1, TA2, and TA3 according to its impurity content. The interstitial impurity elements of these three industrial pure titanium are gradually increasing, so its mechanical strength and hardness also gradually increase, but the plasticity and toughness decrease accordingly.

The industrial pure titanium commonly used in industry is TA2, because of its moderate corrosion resistance and comprehensive mechanical properties. TA3 can be used when the wear resistance and strength requirements are high. TA1 can be used when better-forming properties are required.

Industrial pure titanium is mainly used for working temperature below 350℃, with little force, but requires good plasticity stamping parts and corrosion-resistant structural parts, such as aircraft skeletons, skins, engine accessories; seawater corrosion-resistant pipelines for ships, Valves, pumps and hydrofoils, seawater desalination system components; chemical heat exchangers, pump bodies, distillation towers, coolers, agitators, tee links, impellers, fasteners, ion pumps, compressor valves and diesel Engine pistons, connecting rods, leaf springs, etc.

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Sponge titanium tube casting performance

With the development of the titanium industry, more and more fields find the use of titanium products. The titanium rod is one of the best.

(1) Medical titanium rods Titanium has been used in the global pharmaceutical industry, surgical instruments, human implants and other medical fields for decades as an emerging material, and has achieved great success.

(2) In response to the bone and joint injuries caused by trauma and tumors in the human body, artificial joints, bone plates and screws can be made from titanium and titanium alloys and are now widely used in clinical practice. It is also used for hip joints (including femoral heads), knee joints, elbow joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, interphalangeal joints, mandibles, artificial vertebral body (spine orthosis), pacemaker housing, artificial heart (heart valve), Artificial dental implants and titanium mesh are used in cranial plastic surgery.

(3) The requirements for medical titanium rod implant materials can be classified into three aspects: the biocompatibility of the material with the human body, the corrosion resistance of the material in the human environment, and the mechanical properties of the material.

 Medical titanium rods have low density, lightweight, high strength, good corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance, low-temperature resistance, strong acid resistance, and strong alkali resistance. It is very good material. Our company has complete processing equipment and rich processing experience. The medical titanium rods produced have been tested by a third party (chemical composition, mechanical properties, metallographic structure, tolerance), and the polished and car polished rods have undergone flaw detection processing. Product quality stable. Mainly used in industries such as mechanical equipment, electroplating equipment, medical, various precision parts.

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How does the rolling process affect the structure and performance of the titanium plate used in plate heat exchangers?

Titanium plate heat exchanger is a new type of high-efficiency heat exchanger with corrugated heat transfer surface, which is widely used in the heating, cooling, condensation and evaporation process of chemical, petroleum, metallurgy, electric power, shipbuilding, ocean, medicine and other industrial sectors . With people's further understanding of the superiority of the plate heat exchanger and the expansion of its application fields, the plate heat exchanger has developed rapidly and has now become the main heat exchange equipment. Due to its high efficiency, compactness and excellent corrosion resistance, titanium plate heat exchangers have become the first choice for many strong corrosive conditions. Titanium plates for plate heat exchangers are mainly pure titanium plates with a thickness of less than 1.0mm, which have special requirements for the strength, elongation, cupping, and grain structure of the plate. In order to increase the development of plate heat exchangers, make them more widely used in various fields, fully realize the localization of titanium plates for plate heat exchangers, and improve the quality of plate refueling, it is necessary to study the organization of various rolling processes for plate refueling And the impact of performance, to further improve the rate of plate replacement pressing.

How does the rolling process affect the structure and performance of the titanium plate used in plate heat exchangers?

The first rolling process uses one-way rolling. Due to the unidirectional rolling process, the plate elongates along the rolling direction, the crystal grains are elongated, and become columnar crystals into a band-like structure. The number of grains in each direction of the columnar crystal is different, and the number of grain boundaries is also different, so the processing structure produces anisotropy, high strength, poor plasticity and deep drawing performance. The second rolling process uses reversing rolling. After the commutation rolling, the grains in the longitudinal and transverse directions are elongated and become columnar crystals. In the last pass of cold rolling, the processing rate is greater than 50%, causing the grains to be broken. The columnar crystals that have been broken after recrystallization annealing re-nucleate and crystallize into equiaxed grains. Compared with the first rolling process, the mechanical properties are greatly improved, especially the plastic deep drawing properties. However, the metallographic examination found that there are still slip lines in the fine structure, indicating that the recrystallization is still insufficient, and the temperature or the time needs to be increased. The difference between the third rolling process and the second rolling process is that the heat treatment process is different. The electric furnace is used for heating, and the plates are stacked for annealing, which reduces the pollution on the surface of the titanium plate, and the holding time is slightly extended. The metallography presents an equiaxed grain structure, the grains are smaller than those of the second rolling process, and they are complete and fully recrystallized, so the mechanical properties are also better than those of the second rolling process.

Through the above test, the mechanical properties obtained by the three rolling processes are different from the microstructure, and the mechanical properties of the plate using the third rolling process, especially the cupping value and elongation are better than the first two The mechanical properties of one rolling process state, and the grain size is 1 to 1.5 levels smaller than the second rolling process state, which meets the conditions of plate replacement and pressing, and the forming rate reaches about 95%, which can be used for plate heat exchangers. Titanium plate has higher utilization rate and considerable profit margin, which is worthy of promotion.

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What are the technical requirements for titanium tubes?

The titanium tube is light in weight, high in strength and superior in mechanical properties. It is widely used in heat exchange equipment, such as tube and tube heat exchangers, coil heat exchangers, serpentine tube heat exchangers, condensers, evaporators and transportation pipelines. Many nuclear power industries use titanium tubes as standard tubes for their units.

skills requirement:

1. The chemical composition of titanium and titanium alloy pipes should meet the requirements of GB/T3620.1, and the allowable deviation of the chemical composition of Mingkun Titanium Industry shall meet the requirements of GB/T3620.2 during the re-inspection.

2. The allowable deviation of the outer diameter of the pipe should meet the requirements of Table 1.

3. The allowable deviation of the pipe wall thickness should not exceed ±12.5% ​​of its nominal wall thickness. The allowable deviation of the pipe wall thickness is not applicable to the weld of titanium welded pipes.

4. The length of the pipe should meet the requirements of Table 2.

5. The fixed-length or multiple-length length of the pipe should be within the range of its indefinite length, and the allowable deviation of the fixed-length length is +10mm. The multiple-length length should also be included in the cut when the pipe is cut, and each cut should be 5mm. 

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Development characteristics of titanium alloy materials and titanium product processing technology

 Due to the high manufacturing cost of titanium alloys, in order to reduce costs, the competitiveness of titanium alloys in the entire metal material market has been improved at a lower price. It is generally believed that titanium has incomparable superior performance compared to other materials, but the price of titanium often discourages consumers (especially car manufacturers). The emergence of high-quality, low-cost titanium alloys will certainly help the popularization and application of titanium and titanium alloys.

Judging from the application status at home and abroad and the development of titanium processing technology, the plastic processing technology of titanium and titanium alloys will develop in the following directions in the future:

1) High performance, that is, the development of alloys with higher service temperature, higher specific strength, higher specific modulus, better corrosion resistance and wear resistance.

2) Multi-function, namely the development of titanium alloys with various special functions and uses, such as high damping, low expansion, constant resistance, high resistance, resistance to electrolytic passivation and hydrogen storage, shape memory, superconductivity, low modulus biomedical And other titanium alloys, and further expand the application of titanium and titanium alloys.

3) Deepen the research of traditional alloys, improve the practical performance of existing alloys, and expand the application range of traditional alloys through the improvement of equipment and processes.

4) Adopt advanced processing technology and large-scale continuous processing equipment to develop continuous processing technology, direct rolling technology, cold forming technology and near-net forming technology to improve the production efficiency, yield and product performance of titanium alloys.

5) Reduce costs, develop alloys that contain no or almost no precious metal elements, and add cheap elements such as iron, oxygen and nitrogen, and develop titanium alloys that are easy to process and shape, easy to cut, and have cheap alloy elements and master alloys. Develop titanium alloys and use banned materials to increase the recovery rate and utilization rate of banned titanium. This is particularly important for reducing the cost of civilian titanium alloys.

6) Use advanced computer technology to simulate the deformation and processing of the workpiece, predict the evolution of the metal microstructure, and even predict the mechanical properties of the product (yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, hardness, etc.). ), and design or improve molds and tooling; analyze and process test results, reduce test volume, improve work efficiency, and reduce development costs.

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Titanium alloy features:

Titanium has a relatively low density of 4.5g/cm3, which is only 60% of iron. It is usually called light metal with aluminum and magnesium, and its corresponding titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, and magnesium alloys are called light alloys. Many countries in the world have recognized the importance of titanium alloy materials, have successively conducted research and development on titanium alloy materials, and have been practically applied. Titanium is an important structural metal developed in the 1950s. Titanium alloys are widely used in various fields because of their high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, high heat resistance, and easy welding. High strength and easy welding are beneficial to the manufacture of golf club heads.
The first practical titanium alloy was Ti-6Al (aluminum)-4V (aluminum) alloy successfully developed by the United States in 1954. Ti-6Al-4V alloy has reached a good level in terms of heat resistance, strength, plasticity, toughness, formability, weldability, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The amount of Ti-6Al-4V alloy used has accounted for 75-85% of all titanium alloys. Many other alloys can be regarded as modifications of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. At present, there are hundreds of titanium alloys developed in the world, and there are 20 to 30 kinds of the most famous alloys, for example, Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-2Al-2.5Zr, Ti-32Mo, Ti-Mo-Ni, Ti-Pd, Ti-811, Ti-6242, Ti-1023, Ti-10-5-3, Ti-1100, BT9, BT20, IMI829, IMI834, etc.; for the ball, The rods are 10-2-3, SP700, 15-3-3-3 (commonly referred to as beta-titanium), 22-4, and DAT51.
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What are the benefits of titanium to the human body

Titanium is a stable metal with high hardness and lightweight, which will not rust and deteriorate, or cause metal allergies. Titanium has special current characteristics, which will produce beneficial physiological effects on the human body and its chemical stability will not change or deteriorate over time. Titanium is beneficial to the human body and is quite safe, very suitable for the body. Titanium products stabilize the body currently and relieve muscle tension, so the spirit will be loosened, muscles will gradually relax, and exercise performance can be improved.
The principle of titanium treatment: Titanium is a safe, hypoallergenic metal with hard, non-rusting properties. It is widely used in the fields of medicine and sports. This light metal has the ability to regulate the body's natural current through cell ionization. Titanium has special electric current characteristics, has beneficial physiological effects on the human body and its chemical stability is beneficial to the human body and mind health. Therefore, the use of titanium products can achieve mental relaxation, muscle relaxation, and improved motor function. As the body temperature rises, the increase in calories will relax the muscles and stimulate blood flow. The increased blood flow helps your body to better remove the pain-related agents and fatigue factors in the blood flow.
Titanium is pure metal. Because of the "pureness" of titanium metal, when a substance comes in contact with it, there will be no chemical reaction. That is to say, because of the high corrosion resistance and stability of titanium, it will not affect its essence after long-term contact with people, so it will not cause human allergies. It is the only one that has no effect on human autonomic nerves and taste. metal. Titanium is also called "biophilic metal". Titanium has unique uses in medicine. In the bone injury, fix it with a titanium plate and a titanium screw. After a few months, the bone will grow on the titanium plate and the screw thread. The new muscles are wrapped in titanium plates. This "titanium bone" is just like real bones, and even titanium artificial bones can be used instead of human bones to treat fractures.
At present, the application of titanium metal by human beings is just a good start, and the future of titanium metal is boundless, so titanium was awarded the title of "21st Century Metal". The excellent properties of titanium make people urgently need them!
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Standards and methods for quality inspection of titanium alloy forgings

The existence of defects in titanium forgings will affect the processing quality or processing quality of subsequent processes, and some will seriously affect the performance and use of the forgings, and even greatly reduce the service life of the finished products and endanger safety. Therefore, in order to ensure or improve the quality of forgings, in addition to strengthening quality control in the process and taking corresponding measures to prevent the occurrence of forging defects, necessary quality inspections should also be carried out to prevent subsequent processes (such as heat treatment, surface treatment, cold working) And forgings with defects that have adverse effects on performance flow into the follow-up process. After quality inspection, remedial measures can be taken for the forgings made according to the nature of the defect and the degree of influence to use, so that it meets the technical standards or requirements for use.
Therefore, in a sense, the quality inspection of forgings is to check the quality of the forgings that have been made on the one hand, and to point out the direction of improvement for the forging process on the other, so as to ensure that the quality of forgings meets the requirements of forging technical standards and meets the design Requirements on processing and use. The inspection of forging quality includes the inspection of appearance quality and internal quality. Appearance quality inspection mainly refers to the inspection of the geometric size, shape, surface condition and other items of the forging; the internal quality inspection mainly refers to the inspection of various items such as the chemical composition, macrostructure, microstructure and mechanical properties of the forging.
Specifically, the appearance quality inspection of forgings is to check whether the shape and geometric dimensions of the forgings meet the specifications of the drawings, whether the forgings have defects on the surface, what are the defects, and what are their morphological characteristics. The inspection content of the surface condition is generally to check whether the forging surface has surface cracks, folds, wrinkles, pits, orange peel, blisters, scars, corrosion pits, bruises, foreign objects, underfill, pits, lack of meat, scratches Defects such as marks. The internal quality inspection is to check the internal quality of the forging itself. It is a quality condition that cannot be found by the appearance quality inspection. It includes the inspection of the internal defects of the forgings and the inspection of the mechanical properties of the forgings. For important parts, key parts or large forgings Chemical composition analysis should also be performed. For internal defects, we will inspect the forgings through low-power inspection, fracture inspection, and high-power inspection to check whether there are internal cracks, shrinkage holes, porosity, coarse crystals, white spots, dendrites, streamlines that do not conform to the shape, and streamlines turbulence. , Flow through, coarse crystal ring, oxide film, delamination, overheating, overburning organization and other defects. For the mechanical properties, it is mainly to check the normal temperature tensile strength, plasticity, toughness, hardness, fatigue strength, high temperature instantaneous rupture strength, high temperature permanent strength, permanent plasticity and high temperature creep strength.
After forgings are made into parts, the force, importance, and working conditions are different during use, and the materials and metallurgical processes used are also different. Therefore, different parts are classified into categories according to the above conditions and the requirements of this department. , Different departments and different standards have different classifications of forgings. But no matter what, the overall quality inspection of forgings is inseparable from two major types of inspections, namely, the inspection of appearance quality and internal quality. It is just that the types of forgings are different, and the specific inspection items, inspection quantities and inspection requirements are different. . For example, some industrial departments classify structural steel, stainless steel, and heat-resistant steel forgings into Type IV for inspection, and some departments divide aluminum alloy forgings and die forgings into Type III for inspection according to their usage conditions, and some departments classify aluminum alloy, Copper alloy forgings are classified into Category IV for inspection.
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Introduction to the corrosion resistance of titanium tubes

Everyone knows that titanium tube is a new type of metal that we have formed in recent years. The performance of titanium is mainly related to its proportion of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, etc. It has been widely used. Now let us popularize the corrosion resistance of titanium tubes in neutral or weakly acidic oxide solutions.
The corrosion resistance of the titanium tube is highly stable in neutral or weakly acidic oxide solutions. For example, titanium and titanium alloys are in CuC12 at 100 ℃ FeCl at 100 ℃, HgC1 at 100 ℃: (all concentrations), 60 % AlCl2 and all concentrations of NaCl at 100°C are stable. Many other metal oxides of titanium are also stable in 100% monooxyacetic acid and 100% peroxyacetic acid. Therefore, titanium and titanium alloys are It has been widely used in the solution. Titanium and titanium alloys are also highly stable to ion-containing oxidant solutions, such as 100qC sodium hypochlorite solution, oxygen water, gas (up to 75°C), sodium oxide solution containing hydrogen peroxide, etc.
The corrosion resistance of titanium pipes in wet chlorine gas exceeds that of other commonly used metals. This is because chlorine has a strong oxidizing effect. Titanium and titanium alloys can be in a stable passive state in wet chlorine. In order to maintain the passivity of titanium in chlorine, A certain water content is required. The critical water content is related to oxygen pressure, flow rate, temperature and other factors, as well as the shape and size of titanium equipment or parts and the degree of mechanical damage to the titanium surface. Therefore, the critical water content of titanium passivation in oxygen in the titanium tube literature is Inconsistent, it is generally believed that the mass fraction of 0.01% to 0.05% can be used as the critical water content of titanium in oxygen, but actual experience has pointed out that in order to ensure the safe use of titanium equipment in oxygen, sometimes the water mass fraction is 0.6 % Is not enough, it needs to be as high as 1.5%. The critical water content also increases with the increase of chlorine temperature and the decrease of airflow velocity. Actual operating experience also shows that after the surface oxide film of titanium and titanium alloy is destroyed, higher water content is required to passivate titanium and titanium alloy again.
Titanium and titanium alloys will react violently in dry chlorine even below 0°C to form titanium tetrachloride. Titanium tubes pose a fire hazard. Once the destruction of titanium and titanium alloys in dry chlorine gas begins, the reaction is collapsible, and the addition of water cannot prevent the reaction from proceeding. The behaviour of titanium in the dry and wet zone of chlorine gas has not been fully understood. Based on the thermodynamic analysis, titanium and chlorine cannot exist in equilibrium at room temperature. According to the thermodynamic free energy, a stable compound titanium tetrachloride is formed in this reaction system. If it does not coexist with water, it will react further, namely TiC14+4H20.
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Do you know what are the corrosion forms of titanium rods?

1. Crevice corrosion: Titanium rod manufacturers pointed out that crevice corrosion is a local corrosion phenomenon that occurs in close gaps. The gaps can be caused by structures (such as flange connection surface or gasket surface, tube and tube sheet expansion joint, and The connecting surface of bolts or rivets, etc.) can also be caused by scaling or deposits under the covering surface. In the early days, it was believed that titanium did not undergo crevice corrosion at all in seawater and salt spray. Later, in high-temperature chloride medium (such as seawater heat exchanger), wet chlorine gas (such as wet chlorine gas tube condenser), oxidant corrosion inhibition hydrochloric acid solution In media such as formic acid and oxalic acid solution, crevice corrosion damage of equipment has occurred successively.
The crevice corrosion of titanium rods is related to many factors such as environmental temperature, chloride type and concentration, pH value, and the size and geometry of the crevice. In addition, the crevices composed of titanium and nonmetals such as polytetrafluoroethylene, titanium and asbestos are more sensitive to crevice corrosion than those composed of titanium and titanium.
2. Pitting corrosion: Pitting corrosion is a form of corrosion peculiar to passivated metals. Compared with stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the pitting corrosion resistance of titanium is very excellent. Due to the increasing application of titanium in high-temperature concentrated chloride solutions, the number of pitting corrosion cases of titanium equipment has gradually increased.
The titanium anode basket in electrolytic zinc, the titanium coil heated in zinc chloride solution, and the titanium ball valve of 72% calcium chloride solution at 175℃ have all experienced pitting corrosion damage. Generally speaking, pitting corrosion of titanium is more difficult than crevice corrosion, which usually appears in the form of pitting corrosion on the crevice surface.
3. Galvanic corrosion: Galvanic corrosion is a phenomenon in which dissimilar metals contact in the electrolyte solution (including electrical contact). Due to the difference in the steady-state potential of the metal, one metal accelerates the corrosion of another metal (ie, anode dissolution). The oxide film of titanium is very stable and is generally in the cathode state, and galvanic corrosion will not accelerate the anode dissolution of titanium.
However, attention must be paid to the hydrogen absorption of titanium in the cathode state, which will eventually lead to hydrogen embrittlement. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent the accelerated corrosion of the coupling metal (such as aluminum, copper, zinc, etc.). The size of the galvanic corrosion of the metal depends on the difference of the galvanic sequence of the coupled metal in the medium.
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Trimming process requirements and precautions for titanium alloy forgings and titanium forgings

The trimming of titanium alloy forgings and titanium forgings must meet the following requirements:
1. The cut is flat and the metal on the blank must not fall apart.
2. The part adjacent to the cut surface of the blank must not have cracks, and there must be no uneven grain size caused by uneven trimming deformation.
3. There should be no punch indentation on the trimmed blank, and the punch and parts should be completely consistent in appearance. forging titanium round bar
It can be trimmed with a milling machine or with a band saw and equipped with a specially designed friction plate. Regardless of the size or batch size of the large forgings and thick burrs, it is inconvenient to heat the edges, but flame cutting is an effective method. The use of oxygen-gas, plasma and other technologies can successfully and economically cut burrs of 50mm or thicker. After flame-cutting, heat treatment should be carried out to make the heat-affected zone available for mechanical processing. Titanium Planar Sputtering Target
For larger batches of medium and small titanium alloy forgings, the edges are usually hot trimmed with a die on a crank press, and the trimming is performed at 600-800°C. If correction must be done immediately after trimming, the trimming temperature should be close to the upper limit. Titanium alloys are rarely trimmed with a die in the cold state.  Ti 15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al Titanium Strip
Because the burrs are hard and brittle, it is easy to cause uneven cuts, and even cause the danger of metal chipping and rapid splashing of chips; for some alloys with high alloying degrees, cold trimming It will cause cracks on the shear surface, and the cracks will expand into the metal from time to time. ASTM B265 Gr5 Titanium Strip

Application of Titanium Wire in Marine Fishing Nets

Fixed fishing nets used in marine aquaculture, after contact with organic matter and bacteria, diatoms will multiply, while shellfish, barnacles and other marine organisms that feed on diatoms will gather and adhere, which will not only increase the flow resistance and cause the fishing nets Decontamination of the fish, and will cause anoxic infections, causing problems such as stunted fish development. For this reason, antiseptics, fungicides, etc. are generally used, but in this case, the service life of the fixed net does not exceed 20 years, and in order to remove the attached microorganisms, the net must be regularly pulled ashore for the mechanical removal, resulting in increased labor costs and Problems such as deterioration of fishing nets. Researchers from the University of Tokyo have studied the weaving of Grade 12 Titanium Wire into existing polyethylene (PE) fishing nets and electrifying them to electrolyze the seawater near the Ti 6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo Titanium Rod to produce chlorine and ClO, which can kill bacteria and inhibit bacterial growth. First, a mesh made of platinum-plated titanium wire with a diameter of 1 mm was used as the anode, and a stainless steel 312L plate was used as the cathode to conduct an electrolysis test. The results showed that the applied voltage was 3.0 V. After being placed in seawater for 14 days, the weight of the titanium mesh did not change, while the unpowered titanium mesh attached marine organisms.
The main purpose is to study the matching of the strength and elongation of the titanium wire and the PE wire. The existing fishing net is woven by twisting 10 PE monofilaments with a diameter of 0.10 mm into composite yarns and then twisting 2 composite yarns into twisted yarns. The researched titanium mesh is made by twisting 10 PE monofilaments and Grade 1 Titanium Straight Wire into twisted filaments, and then twisting the two twisted filaments into twisted filaments for weaving. Tensile tests of different diameter titanium wires (Φ0.10 mm, Φ0.25 mm, and Φ0.50 mm) and PE filaments of monofilament, combined filament and twisted filament were carried out. The results show that the elongation of titanium wire is lower than that of PE wire, especially the Medical Grade Titanium Wire of Φ0.10 mm. The titanium wire (Φ0.25 mm, Φ0.50 mm) in the titanium composite wire broke simultaneously with the surrounding PE, and the titanium wire (Φ0.25 mm) in the titanium twisted wire broke simultaneously with the surrounding PE. It shows that the fishing net twisted into the titanium wire has the same strength as the existing fishing net woven with polyethylene wire.

What are the types of heat exchangers?

1. Surface heat exchanger
Surface heat exchangers are two fluids with different temperatures flowing in a space-separated by a wall surface. The heat transfer between the two fluids is conducted by heat conduction on the wall surface and convection of the fluid on the wall surface. Surface heat exchangers include shell and tube, sleeve and other types of heat exchangers. Titanium Coil Tube
2. Regenerative heat exchanger
The regenerative heat exchanger transfers heat from a high-temperature fluid to a low-temperature fluid through a heat storage body composed of solid materials. The heat medium first reaches a certain temperature by heating the solid material, and then the cold medium is heated by the solid material to make it reach heat Purpose of delivery. The regenerative heat exchanger has a rotary type, valve switching type and so on. titanium exhaust pipe
3. Fluid connection indirect heat exchanger
The fluid connection indirect heat exchanger is a heat exchanger that connects two surface heat exchangers with a heat carrier circulating in it. The heat carrier circulates between the high-temperature fluid heat exchanger and the low-temperature fluid and accepts the high-temperature fluid The heat is released to the cryogenic fluid in the cryogenic fluid heat exchanger. titanium mig welding wire
4. Direct contact heat exchanger
A direct contact heat exchanger is a device that directly contacts two fluids for heat exchange, for example, a cold water tower, a gas condenser, etc. surgical medical titanium wire

Do you know which factors are related to the quality of titanium plates?

Titanium plates have high corrosion resistance and specific strength, and are widely used in electric power, chemical industry, aviation components, building materials, sports equipment, medical treatment and other fields and are still expanding. From the point of view of use and manufacturing technology, titanium plates are low in price, high in performance, multi-functional, and easy to produce. From the viewpoint of expanding usage, grade 5 titanium round bar represented by Ti-1Fe-0.35O, Ti-5Al-1Fe, Ti-5Al-2Fe-3Mo (mass%) make full use of cheap elements such as Fe, O, N, etc. It is a pure titanium plate for various surface finishing and to improve the resistance to discoloration. A remarkable feature of titanium plate is its strong corrosion resistance. This is due to its particularly high affinity for oxygen, which can form a dense oxide film on its surface, which can protect titanium from medium corrosion. , Neutral saline solution has good stability in oxidizing medium, and has better corrosion resistance than existing stainless steel and other commonly used non-ferrous metals.
The quality of the AMS 4900 CP Titanium Plate is largely determined by the smelting process of the titanium plate manufacturer, including the chemical composition of titanium, the cleanliness of titanium water (gas, harmful elements, inclusions) and the quality of the slab (component segregation, decarburization and Its surface condition), these aspects are the key control points of the smelting operation. In addition, industrial titanium plates also require sufficient hardenability to ensure uniform microstructure and mechanical properties throughout the spring section. The main cause of fatigue cracks is the inclusion of oxides in titanium, and Class D inclusions are more harmful to fatigue life than Class B inclusions. Therefore, foreign titanium factories and automobile factories have put forward higher requirements for oxide inclusions in industrial titanium plates. For example, the Swedish SKF standard requires that the oxygen content in titanium is less than 15×10-6, and class D inclusions are lower than class B inclusions. Thing. In particular, the inclusions of Al2O3 and TiN are extremely harmful to the fatigue life of titanium springs. In order to produce high-quality industrial Grade 23 Titanium Sheet, special smelting methods such as electric furnace-electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remelting are usually used in the past.
Because grade 7 titanium alloy plate and titanium rods have special physical and chemical properties, the welding process is very different from other metals. Titanium welding is a TiG welding process that effectively protects the welding area with inert argon gas. Before use, check the factory certificate on the bottle body to verify the purity index of the argon gas, and then check the bottle valve for leaks Or failure. The metal in the welding zone is not contaminated by the reactive gas N0H and the harmful impurity element CFeMn above 250℃. The purity should not be lower than 99.98%, the water content should be lower than 50Mg/m32 Argon: industrial grade pure argon. Coarse grain structure cannot be formed. The welding process must be in accordance with the predetermined construction sequence, and no large welding residual stress and residual deformation can be generated. and so. Strictly follow the process quality management standards and implement quality control of the entire process. All factors of man, machine, material and method are in a well-controlled state, so as to ensure the welding quality of titanium tubes within a reasonable construction period.