Performance and characteristics of titanium heat exchanger and titanium reaction kettle heat control equipment

In the application of various titanium alloy products, titanium alloy forgings are mostly used in gas turbine compressor discs and medical artificial bones that require high strength, high toughness and high reliability. Therefore, not only high dimensional accuracy is required for titanium forgings, but also materials with excellent characteristics and high stability are required. The following mainly introduces 6 problems in titanium alloy flaw detection.

1. Segregation defects

In addition to β segregation, β spot, titanium-rich segregation and stripe α segregation, the most dangerous is interstitial α stable segregation (I type α segregation), which is often accompanied by small holes and cracks, containing oxygen, nitrogen and other gases. , The brittleness is greater. There are also aluminum-rich α stable segregation (type II α segregation), which is also accompanied by cracks and brittleness, which constitutes dangerous defects.

2. Inclusions

Most of them are metal inclusions with high melting point and high density. The high melting point and high density elements in the titanium alloy composition are not fully melted and left in the matrix (such as molybdenum inclusions). There are also cemented carbide tool chips mixed in the smelting raw materials (especially recycled materials) or improper electrode welding processes ( Titanium alloy smelting generally uses vacuum consumable electrode remelting method), such as tungsten arc welding, leaving high-density inclusions, such as tungsten inclusions, and titanium inclusions.

The existence of inclusions can easily lead to the occurrence and propagation of cracks, so it is a defect that is not allowed (for example, the Soviet Union's 1977 data stipulates that high-density inclusions with a diameter of 0.3 ~ 0.5 mm must be found in the X-ray inspection of titanium alloys. record).

3. Residual shrinkage

In the central area of ​​the acid leaching test piece (in most cases), there are irregular wrinkle cracks or cavities, and there are often serious looseness, inclusions (slag inclusions) and component segregation on or near them.

4. Holes

The holes do not necessarily exist individually, but may also exist in multiple dense ones, which will accelerate the growth of low-cycle fatigue cracks and cause premature fatigue failure.

5. Cracks

Mainly refers to forging cracks. Titanium alloy has high viscosity, poor fluidity, and poor thermal conductivity. Therefore, during the forging deformation process, due to the large surface friction, the obvious internal deformation unevenness and the large internal and external temperature difference, it is easy to produce shear bands inside the forging ( Strain line), which leads to cracking in severe cases, and its orientation is generally along the direction of maximum deformation stress.

6. Overheating

Titanium alloys have poor thermal conductivity. In addition to overheating of forgings or raw materials caused by improper heating during hot working, the forging process is also prone to overheating due to thermal effects during deformation, causing microstructure changes and generating overheated Widmanstatten structures.
Hollow Titanium Ball      6al4v titanium plate      grade 5 titanium plate      Titanium Washer      

Application of titanium wire, titanium alloy wire and titanium nickel alloy wire in the fields of industrial and consumer goods

The Japan Institute of Atomic Energy (the original research) cooperated with the European Community, Russia, and the United States to establish the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), and began engineering design activities (EDA) in 1992.

The EDA has carried out the technological development of various advanced devices, and the development of superconducting coils is one of them. The toroidal magnetic field coil (TF coil) is manufactured by the Efremov Institute of Electrical Physics and Engineering in Russia, and is designed and developed by the Japan Institute of Atomic Energy. The Nb3Sn superconducting wire is assembled with a titanium tube as a sheath. The following is a brief description of the advantages of using pure titanium tubes to assemble superconducting coils and their development results developed by the Japan Institute of Atomic Energy.

The superconducting coil for the test is composed of 1152 Nb3Sn superconducting wires (0.81mm in diameter) enclosed in a pure titanium tube (tube wall thickness 2mm, inner diameter 43mm), and a layer of 9 turns (height) is wound on the inner side of the support plate. 0.6m) composition (Figure 1). The overall outer diameter of the superconducting coil used in the test is 1.5m and the height is 2.8m. The stainless steel tube surrounding the support plate is used to cool the support plate. The superconducting coil is installed in the center of the prototype coil of the solenoid in the ITER. A current of 46kA flows through the prototype coil in a 13T magnetic field. Tests have verified that the superconducting coil meets the performance required by the IERTF coil. The critical current of the Nb3Sn superconducting wire will decrease under thermal or mechanical stress. In the past, the Nb3Sn superconducting wire was enclosed in a stainless steel tube. The difference in shrinkage (temperature change is 650C～-269C) will cause thermal stress, which will reduce the superconducting properties. For this reason, it is necessary to choose a material with the same thermal shrinkage rate as the Nb3Sn superconducting wire as the sealing tube. Such materials include Inconel 908 and titanium. Japan Harayan considered that pure titanium is superior to Inconel 908 in terms of non-magnetism, corrosion resistance, and processability, so it began experimental development work on titanium. According to the test results of the influence of the metal tube material on the critical current of the small Nb3Sn conductor; it can be seen that when a pure titanium tube is used when the magnetic field is 12T, the critical current value is twice that of a stainless steel tube. Based on this result, a pure titanium tube with a wall thickness of 2mm was used as the sealing tube of the superconducting coil for the test in Russia, and it was successfully energized in Japan Harayan, which increased the critical current of the conductor used in ITER by 30, making the same Cost has achieved higher operating performance.

Due to the very large electromagnetic force generated by the ITERTF coil, the metal tube is required to have sufficient strength. In addition, since the Nb3Sn superconducting material needs to be heat treated at 650C, 240h or more, the metal tube must also withstand this heat treatment. From the perspective of thermal shrinkage, pure titanium is a very ideal material, but it is necessary to study the effect of aging treatment on strength and toughness. Japan Haraken and Nippon Steel Corporation jointly studied the effect of the oxygen content of pure titanium after aging on the mechanical properties at liquid helium temperature (4K). The results show that the mechanical properties of pure titanium at 4K depend on the oxygen content in pure titanium. When the oxygen content is about 0.1, the necessary strength and toughness can be maintained after heat treatment (650C, 240h). Based on this result, the tube used for the superconducting coil used in the test is a pure titanium tube with an oxygen content of 0.106 produced in Russia.

This technology is also expected to be applied in fields such as power storage superconducting coils that require high magnetic fields and high current coils.
titanium alloy foil      Titanium Stub End      Grade 12 Titanium Sheet      titanium exhaust flange      

Development and application of domestic medical titanium alloys and new titanium alloy materials

The surface treatment of titanium plates and titanium alloy plates has always been a problem that plagues various titanium manufacturers. With people’s deepening understanding of titanium, the processing technology has also been greatly improved.

After plasma nitriding (nitriding) of titanium plate and titanium alloy plate, its surface hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance in reducing media are greatly improved, and the original excellent comprehensive performance of the matrix is ​​maintained . In terms of plasma nitriding, my country's Guangzhou Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals has made remarkable achievements. For example, the bath heating coil used in hydrometallurgy, using ion-nitriding titanium alloy coil, is safe and has a long life. Another example is the neutralization pot stirring shaft sleeve of the key equipment for chemical extraction of phenol, which requires good sealing performance. The ion titanium nitride shaft sleeve is used to ensure the sealing performance, stable and normal production, and the safe operation time is extended by more than 10 times. For another example, the valve core and valve seat on the desulfurization lye circulation pipeline are made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti material and will be damaged after 18 days of use. The pneumatic valve core and valve seat using ion titanium nitride valve core have been used for more than three years and are still intact.

In natural gas exploitation, the high-pressure anti-sulfur gas production wellhead device is a high-pressure equipment that controls natural gas production. The key components of the wellhead flat valve sealing part, the valve plate and valve seat, require long-term work under high pressure (10~67MPa), and a short-term endurance of 30 ~80MPa pressure can be safe and reliable, open and close flexible, and resistant to acid media corrosion. In addition, the surface hardness of the material is required to be greater than 45HRC, strong abrasion resistance, high-speed air erosion resistance, high specific pressure abrasion resistance, low friction coefficient, low sealing specific pressure and other comprehensive properties. Choose titanium alloy TC4 and TA7 to manufacture flat valve sealing parts, and perform ion nitriding treatment to solve this problem
Gr2 Pure Titanium Plate      Grade 9 Titanium Wire      titanium spool wire      Titanium Coil Tube      

Why do we need hardness requirements for titanium screws?

Titanium tube is similar to other metals. The shrinkage behavior of titanium tube during casting also undergoes a change from liquid to solid state and then to solid state. This shrinkage behavior is usually divided into volume shrinkage and linear shrinkage. The volume shrinkage reflects the change of the entire volume of the titanium tube during the casting process. Since the total volume shrinkage is equal to the volume of the concentrated shrinkage cavity of the casting plus the volume of the shrinkage porosity, the solidification shrinkage behavior of the alloy casting process is related to the volume shrinkage of the alloy. It determines the characteristics of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity of the drill alloy, which is of great significance for understanding the formation of shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity defects of titanium pipes.

Titanium tube

Important factors affecting the solidification and shrinkage of titanium tubes include alloying elements, mold materials and mold structures. Because alloying elements affect the crystallization temperature interval of the titanium tube, just like its influence on fluidity, the solidification shrinkage of the titanium tube first depends on the characteristics of the added alloying element, that is, the crystallization temperature formed between titanium and alloying elements The size of the interval is related. Eutectic titanium tubes with narrow crystallization temperature intervals have good fluidity and are easy to form concentrated shrinkage cavities, while titanium tubes with wide crystallization temperature intervals have poor fluidity and are easy to form dispersive shrinkage cavities, that is, shrinkage porosity.

Because titanium tube has a series of good physical properties, as an excellent structural material, it can compete with stainless steel and nickel alloy for the scope of application: in many sectors of the national economy, the use of titanium tube increases product life and improves The reliability and productivity of the equipment speed up the process and improve the working conditions, all of which have achieved significant economic benefits.
titanium forged block      Titanium Wing Nut      Gr3 Pure Titanium Tube      Gr12 Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni Titanium Sheet      

What are the common specifications of titanium screws?

1. A self-control butterfly valve that can be remotely controlled, which also has the characteristics of a flanged butterfly valve, and can be equipped with a wide range of butterfly valves;

2. The power source is the driving energy of the butterfly valve, with a wide range of power sources, a wide range of applications, saving human resources, and working efficiency;

3. Convenient operation, easy to meet various control requirements, it can be realized by selecting different actuators, signal feedback, flow adjustment, explosion-proof and other functions;

4. It can realize ultra-miniaturization, realize mechanical self-locking and change different sealing rings to meet different working conditions.

Working principle of flange:

Using the actuator to input a standard signal of 0-10 mA, the motor unit drives the gear worm and the gear to drive the disc to rotate. When the valve is in the fully open position, the thickness of the butterfly plate is the resistance of the medium flowing through the valve body.

Therefore, the pressure drop produced by the valve is very small, so it has better flow control characteristics.

The butterfly valve has two sealing types: elastic seal and metal seal. Resilient sealing valve,

The sealing ring can be inlaid on the valve body or attached to the periphery of the butterfly plate. The valve with a metal seal generally has a longer life than the valve with an elastic seal.

But it is difficult to achieve a complete seal. The metal seal can adapt to higher working temperatures, while the elastic seal has the defect of being limited by temperature. If the flange butterfly valve is required to be used as flow control, The main thing is to correctly choose the size and type of the valve.
Hollow Titanium Bar      titanium spring wire      Titanium Planar Sputtering Target      Grade 23 Titanium Plate      

How to prevent moisture and moisture from titanium screws?

Titanium is a modern metal. The history of titanium can be traced back to 1795, when the German chemist Klaprus first discovered this new element and named it. By 1948, relevant American scholars began to extract a large amount of sponge titanium with the help of magnesium reduction method, and then titanium metal began to be widely used in industrial fields.

From the beginning of the last century, many scholars began to use titanium as a source of artistic creation, and it spread quickly among developed countries. During this period, people's basic research on titanium metal has become increasingly sophisticated, and titanium metal has begun to be applied to jewelry materials. However, during this period, the application of titanium in the fields of craft gifts, utensils and construction still needs to be strengthened. In my country, the application of titanium in arts and crafts is almost in a blank state, and the research on coloring is still very scarce.

With the continuous improvement of titanium metal processing technology, the application of titanium metal in arts and crafts will inevitably become more and more extensive. And titanium metal has many characteristics, namely: low density, strong affinity, not easy to corrode, color change, etc., which makes its application prospects in the field of art very broad.

Gr2 Pure Titanium Bar      Gr9 Ti-3Al-2.5V Titanium Bar      titanium coil strip      titanium threaded tube      

How to deal with casting defects of titanium screws?

The titanium alloy forgings used on the space shuttle mainly include: high-pressure vessels, wing leading edges, oil pressure pipelines, engine thrust brackets, etc.

①High pressure vessel.

The pressure vessel used on the space shuttle must withstand a high pressure of (2.1~3.5)×10Pa. The wall of the vessel is actually a composite structure, which uses titanium as the substrate and is reinforced with aromatic organic fibers. The fiber applies a pre-stress (compressive stress) to the titanium substrate. This structure can make the pressure vessel weigh 35% lighter than a single-layer all-titanium vessel. Both the container material and its welding wire use Ti6Al4V alloy.

② Wing.

The maximum temperature of the front edge of the wing can rise to 538℃, which is unbearable by aluminum alloy, and the FeNi-based alloy is too heavy, so Ti6Al-4V alloy is used. The wing is fixed on the wing supporting structure with the same fixture mechanism, and the fixture also uses Ti6Al4V alloy.

③Hydraulic piping.

There are a large number of hydraulic pipelines on the space shuttle, and T3A2.5V alloy seamless pipes are used for piping, which can reduce the weight of the pipeline by 40%.

④ Engine thrust bracket.

At the back of the space shuttle, there is a thrust bracket supporting three main engines (Figure 29), through which 510t of thrust can be transmitted to the space shuttle. The thrust bracket is made of high-strength titanium alloy, and at the same time, boron epoxy resin is used for composite on its surface. The specific elastic modulus of boron epoxy resin is higher than that of Ti6A4V alloy, but the thermal expansion coefficient of the two is similar. The boron epoxy resin composite layer can improve the rigidity of the thrust member.

⑤Other parts.

Due to the high specific strength of titanium, titanium materials are used in the space shuttle for the rear elevator fixture, external container fixture, the upper part of the frame/tail conversion device, and the sealing fins on the upper surface between the wings and elevons.
Titanium Capillary Tube      Titanium Eye Bolt      Titanium Flat Wire      T40 Titanium Bar      

Types and advantages of titanium screws?

1. Titanium alloy has good heat resistance, low temperature toughness and fracture toughness, so it is mostly used as aircraft engine parts and rocket and missile structural parts. Titanium alloy can also be used as fuel and oxidant storage tanks and high-pressure vessels. Titanium alloys have been used to make automatic rifles, mortar seat plates, and launch tubes for recoilless rifles.

2. In the petroleum industry, it is mainly used for various containers, reactors, heat exchangers, distillation towers, pipelines, pumps and valves.

3. Titanium can be used as electrode and condenser of power station and environmental pollution control device.

4. Titanium-nickel shape memory alloys have been widely used in instruments and meters.

5. In medical treatment, titanium can be used as artificial bones and various appliances.

Sixth, titanium is also a deoxidizer for steelmaking and a component of stainless steel and alloy steel.

7. Titanium dioxide is a good raw material for pigments and paints.

8. Titanium carbide and titanium hydride are new cemented carbide materials.

9. The color of titanium nitride is close to that of gold, and it is widely used in decoration.
Gr23 Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium Sheet      forging titanium round rod      Gr23 Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium Plate      Gr3 Pure Titanium Plate      

What are the welding functions of cutting titanium plate

As a rare metal element, titanium's performance is far beyond what we have seen. General power generation equipment, especially the side with a lower thermal cycle temperature, provides an ideal environment for titanium.

It is possible to develop a new type of titanium tube that can be used at a higher working temperature. Compared with the high-strength low-temperature titanium tube that has been developed, it will have greater potential in saving metal and improving efficiency. The goal is to develop a titanium tube that can be used at a temperature of 650°C. This alloy can be used on high-pressure turbine wheels and can reduce weight by 20% compared to the commonly used base wheels.

However, with the increase of working temperature, titanium tubes will inevitably bring more new problems, such as surface oxidation, long-term stability of mass metallurgical production, friction corrosion, fire hazard, and hot salt stress corrosion. Some problems can be solved by surface coating or surface treatment. For this reason, research in this area is currently being actively carried out.

F5 Titanium Forging      ASTM B861 25*1.2mm Titanium Tube For Chemical      F1 Pure Titanium Forging      Ti 1023 Titanium Thick Plate      

How to choose the reducing agent of titanium rod

With the increasing amount of titanium alloy materials on various power systems, the surface protection of titanium alloy parts during processing becomes particularly important.

Titanium alloy has good specific strength, high heat resistance, excellent corrosion resistance and low density. It has been widely used in aviation, aerospace, ship and chemical industries. Especially in the power system, a large number of titanium alloy materials are used, which has far-reaching significance for reducing the weight of the system and increasing the thrust-to-weight ratio.

What are the protection requirements for titanium alloys during machining? The following titanium alloy machining parts manufacturers introduce a few points:

(1) When cutting titanium alloy parts, machine tools and tools with good rigidity, and special tooling with low vibration and strong rigidity should be used. The special tooling for titanium alloy parts is not allowed to have active metal coatings such as zinc plating and cadmium plating to prevent the organization of titanium alloy parts from being exchanged with the tooling due to electrochemical corrosion and to prevent the cadmium brittleness of the titanium alloy. Choose suitable tooling to minimize the processing stress of titanium alloy parts and avoid deformation.

(2) When processing titanium alloy, use a lower cutting speed, sharp tool, and take a big knife. However, the tool is not allowed to stop during the machining process. At the same time, choose the specified halogen-free coolant to prevent the surface of the titanium alloy from being overheated and sticking to the knife, which may cause the problem of tearing the metal and deteriorating the surface of the part.

The sticking of the knife is mainly caused by the chemical affinity of the titanium alloy and the tool material. The use of a chloride-free coolant can not only prevent overheating, but also have a certain lubricating effect, reduce the phenomenon of tearing, and extend the use of the tool. life.

(3) Titanium alloys are prone to cold work hardening. Therefore, the depth of the cut should exceed the thickness of the cold work-hardened layer produced during the previous cutting. The tool should have both anti-wear ability and high thermal hardness. The machining depth should be ensured by controlling the rigidity of the lathe, the tool, and the clamping degree of the parts.

(4) When milling titanium alloy parts, it is recommended to use high-speed steel multi-edge milling cutters embedded with cemented carbide. Disc milling cutters should adopt down-milling technology. When reverse milling, the stability of the milling cutter is reduced by half so that the finish of the processed surface will have severely deteriorated.
Thin Wall Titanium Condenser Tubes     Thin Wall Titanium Pipe     Gr7 Ti-0.2Pd Titanium Bar     titanium square tubing

Do you know the corrosion forms of titanium rods?

Titanium alloy materials such as titanium rods and titanium plates have high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, and satisfactory comprehensive performance and processing performance, making them very dynamic structural materials in the military and civilian fields after the 1950s. In the aerospace field, titanium alloy materials are mainly used as structural parts of aircraft engines: compressor discs, blades, drums, air ducts, compressor casings, high-pressure compressor rotors, shafts, aircraft landing gear, bulkheads , Shell, skin, etc. In civilian use, golf heads, artificial joints, civilian bicycles, various titanium containers (pressure vessels, chemical, electroplating baths), etc. have also entered people's lives. The market application prospects of titanium materials such as titanium rods, titanium plates, and titanium tubes can be subdivided into:

1. Technology:

Forming and powder metallurgy technology, corrosion-resistant titanium alloy, high-temperature titanium alloy, high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy, new processing technology, new technology, coating technology, sponge titanium preparation technology, functional and medical titanium alloy, titanium-based composite material, titanium welding Technology, etc.;

2. Equipment category:

Mineral processing equipment, metallurgical equipment, smelting equipment, casting equipment, welding equipment, processing equipment, heat treatment equipment, special processing and forming equipment, instrumentation, etc.;

3. Basic categories:

Titanium ore, titanium sponge, titanium powder, plates, bars, wires, cakes, rings, pipes, strips, foils, capillaries, various alloys, etc.;

4. Application category:

①Reactors, autoclaves, heat exchangers, evaporators, filters, condensers, radiators, reaction towers, fractionation towers, regeneration towers, rectification towers, washing towers, pipe pump valves, standards used in the petrochemical industry Pieces and other titanium products;

② Titanium products such as compressor plates, high-pressure vessels, blades, casings, brackets, landing gears, ducts, doors, and tie rods used in the aerospace industry;

③Sports and leisure products and crafts: golf heads, bicycles, model airplanes, rackets, climbing equipment, glasses, watches, jewelry, tableware, etc.;

④Various titanium alloy pipe pump valves, evaporation tanks, heat exchangers, circulation tanks, etc. used in the salt industry;

⑤Titanium products such as condensers, condensers, tube sheets, cold oil pipes, and turbine blades in the power industry;

⑥ Titanium materials used in the shipbuilding industry to manufacture pressure hulls, structural parts, buoyancy spheres, propellers, propulsion shafts, pipe pump valves, etc.;

⑦Titanium teeth, heart valves, diaphragms, stents, bone joints and fixation screws, titanium bones, titanium surgical instruments and other medical titanium products used in the medical industry;

⑧ Various titanium alloy decorative materials used for high-level decoration in the construction industry;

⑨ Titanium products used in metallurgy, electromechanical, weapons, automobiles, and textile industries.

5. Science and technology publications, titanium technology reference books, etc.

With the continuous expansion of the scope of application of titanium alloys and the increasing usage, it will surely promote the new progress of the titanium industry and bring about the era of titanium alloys in the research and development of new materials and industrial production applications.
Gr7 Ti-0.2Pd Titanium Foil     Titanium Planar Target     Ti 15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al Titanium Strip     Gr1 Pure Titanium Bar

What should I do with titanium rod or titanium alloy residue?

At present, my country has developed into a major country in the world's titanium industry, with titanium production capacity and output ranking first in the world. However, the overall technical content of domestic titanium materials is low, the added value of products is low, and the production capacity is serious. The titanium industry is facing "big but not strong." In the current situation, increasing the deep processing of titanium materials and the development of high value-added products are the key to the industry’s getting rid of the difficulties. As an important functional thin film material in the field of electronic information, high-purity titanium has rapidly increased its demand in recent years with the rapid development of my country's integrated circuit, flat display, and solar energy industries. Magnetron sputtering (PVD) technology is one of the key technologies for preparing thin film materials. High-purity titanium sputtering targets are key consumables in the magnetron sputtering process and have broad market application prospects. As a high-value-added coating material, titanium target material has strict requirements in terms of chemical purity, structure and performance, high technical content, and difficult processing. Chinese target material manufacturers started relatively late in the field of high-end target manufacturing. The purity of raw materials is relatively backward, and there is also a certain gap between target preparation technologies such as tissue control, process molding and other core process technologies. For downstream high-end applications, the development of high-performance titanium sputtering targets is an important measure to realize the independent research and development of key materials for the electronic information manufacturing industry and to promote the transformation and upgrading of the titanium industry to high-end.
Gr1 Pure Titanium Plate     Gr23 Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium Pipe     F2 Pure Titanium Forging     F9 Titanium Forging

Precautions for processing titanium alloy parts during processing

The titanium alloy material parts used on the space shuttle mainly include high pressure vessel, wing leading edge, oil pressure pipeline, engine thrust bracket, etc.

①High pressure vessel

The pressure vessel used on the space shuttle must withstand a high pressure of (2.1~3.5)×10Pa. The wall of the vessel is actually a composite structure, which uses titanium as the substrate and is reinforced with aromatic organic fibers. The fiber applies a pre-stress (compressive stress) to the titanium substrate. This structure can make the pressure vessel weigh 35% lighter than a single-layer all-titanium vessel. Both the container material and its welding wire use Ti6Al4V alloy.

②wing

The maximum temperature of the front edge of the wing can rise to 538℃, which is unbearable by aluminum alloy, and the FeNi-based alloy is too heavy, so Ti6Al-4V alloy is used. The wing is fixed on the wing supporting structure with the same fixture mechanism, and the fixture also uses Ti6Al4V alloy.

③Hydraulic piping

There are a large number of hydraulic pipelines on the space shuttle, and T3A2.5V alloy seamless pipes are used for piping, which can reduce the weight of the pipeline by 40%.

④Engine thrust bracket

At the back of the space shuttle, there is a thrust bracket supporting three main engines (Figure 29), through which 510t of thrust can be transmitted to the space shuttle. The thrust bracket is made of high-strength titanium alloy, and at the same time, boron epoxy resin is used for compounding on its surface. The specific elastic modulus of boron epoxy resin is higher than that of Ti6A4V alloy, but the thermal expansion coefficient of the two is similar. The boron epoxy resin composite layer can improve the rigidity of the thrust member.

⑤Other parts

Due to the high specific strength of titanium, titanium materials are used in the space shuttle for the rear elevator fixture, external container fixture, the upper part of the frame/tail conversion device, and the sealing fins on the upper surface between the wings and elevons.
thin titanium plate     Titanium Sputtering Target     Grade 23 Titanium Pipe     titanium alloy powder

What should be paid attention to during the cutting process of titanium plate

1. Aerospace

The major titanium use countries in the aerospace industry are concentrated in Western countries, especially the United States, where 60% of titanium is used in this field. Asian countries, Japan and China all invest about 10% of titanium in this field. However, with the rapid development of Asian aerospace in recent years, the consumption of titanium in the aerospace field will increase accordingly. From a global perspective, the aviation industry plays a decisive role in the titanium market. Historically, the major cycles of the titanium industry are closely related to the aviation industry.

2. Civil aircraft

(1) Reduce structural weight and improve structural efficiency

(2) Meet the use requirements of high temperature parts

(3) Meet the requirements that match the structure of the composite material

(4) Meet the requirements of high corrosion resistance and long life

3. Military weapons

The development and procurement of military weapons continue to develop in the direction of lightness and flexibility. In order to meet the fighter's combat performance requirements, in addition to adopting advanced design technology, it is necessary to use materials with excellent performance and advanced manufacturing technology. One of the important measures is to choose a large number of titanium alloys and improve the application level of advanced titanium alloys.

4. Car

Reducing fuel consumption and reducing hazardous waste (CO2, NOX, etc.) emissions have become one of the main driving forces and directions for technological progress in the automotive industry. Research shows that lightweight is an effective measure to save fuel and reduce pollution. For every 10% reduction in the quality of a car, fuel consumption can be reduced by 8%-10%, and exhaust emissions can be reduced by 10%.

In terms of driving, the acceleration performance of the vehicle is improved after the weight is reduced, and the vehicle control stability, noise and vibration are also improved. From the perspective of collision safety, after the car is lightweight, the inertia during a collision is small and the braking distance is reduced.

The preferred way to reduce the weight of automobiles is to replace traditional automobile materials (steel) with light materials with high specific strength, such as aluminum, magnesium, and titanium. In 2009, the global amount of titanium used in automobiles reached 3,000 tons. Titanium has been used in racing cars for many years. At present, almost all racing cars use titanium. Japanese cars use more than 600 tons of titanium. With the development of the global automobile industry, the use of titanium for automobiles is still increasing rapidly.

5. Medical industry

Titanium has a wide range of applications in the medical field. Titanium is close to human bones and has good biocompatibility to human tissues without toxic side effects. Human implants are special functional materials closely related to human life and health. Compared with other metal materials, the main advantages of using titanium and titanium alloys are as follows:

1 Light weight; 2 Low modulus of elasticity; 3 Non-magnetic; 4 Non-toxic; 5 Corrosion resistance; 6 High strength and good toughness.

The amount of titanium alloy used in surgical implants is increasing at an annual rate of 5%-7%. Femoral heads, hip joints, humerus, skull, knee joints, elbow joints, shoulder joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, jaws, and cardiac membranes, kidney membranes, vasodilators, splints, prostheses, made of titanium and titanium alloys Hundreds of metal parts, such as fastening screws, have been transplanted into the human body, which has achieved good results and has been highly praised by the medical community.

6. Chemical industry

Titanium has excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and process properties, and is widely used in many sectors of the national economy. Especially in chemical production, titanium is used instead of stainless steel, nickel-based alloys and other rare metals as corrosion-resistant materials. This is of great significance to increase output, improve product quality, extend equipment life, reduce consumption, reduce energy consumption, reduce costs, prevent pollution, improve working conditions, and increase labor productivity.

7. Ocean Engineering

With the development of science and technology and the depletion of land resources, mankind's development and utilization of the ocean has been on the agenda. Titanium has excellent corrosion resistance to seawater, and is widely used in seawater desalination, ships, ocean thermal energy development, and seabed resource exploitation.

8. Daily life

Titanium is widely used in daily life and can be described as ubiquitous. For example, golf heads, bicycle frames, tennis rackets, wheelchairs, spectacle frames, etc. are all used in titanium.

The application of titanium in sporting goods due to its light weight and high strength has gradually expanded from the earliest tennis rackets and badminton rackets to golf heads, clubs and racing cars.

The light weight of titanium is also applied to spectacle frames, and titanium is not easy to be allergic to the skin, and the surface of titanium can have brilliant colors after anodizing, so it has been used in spectacle frames since the early 1980s.

Titanium is considered a rare metal because it is scattered in nature and difficult to extract. But it is relatively rich, ranking tenth among all elements. Titanium ore mainly includes ilmenite and rutile, which are widely distributed in the crust and lithosphere. Titanium is also present in almost all living things, rocks, water bodies and soil.

The Kroll method or Hunter method is required to extract titanium from the main ore. The most common compound of titanium is titanium dioxide, which can be used to make white pigments. Other compounds also include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) (used as a catalyst and used to make smoke screens as air cover) and titanium trichloride (TiCl3) (used to catalyze the production of polypropylene).

Titanium alloy characteristics:

High strength, the density of titanium alloy is generally about 4.51g/cm3, which is only 60% of steel. The strength of pure titanium is close to that of ordinary steel. Some high-strength titanium alloys exceed the strength of many alloy structural steels. Therefore, the specific strength (strength/density) of titanium alloy is much greater than other metal structural materials, and parts and components with high unit strength, good rigidity, and light weight can be produced. At present, titanium alloys are used in aircraft engine components, skeletons, skins, fasteners, and landing gear.
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Usually the problems that need attention in the process of rolling and heat treatment of titanium plates

The thermal conductivity of titanium alloy is small, about 1/3 of that of iron, and the heat generated during machining is difficult to release through the workpiece; at the same time, because the specific heat of titanium alloy is small, the local temperature rises quickly during processing. Therefore, it is easy to cause the tool temperature to be very high, sharply wear the tool tip, and reduce the service life. Experiments have proved that the temperature of the tip of the tool for cutting titanium alloy is 2-3 times higher than that of cutting steel. Thermal conductivity, elastic modulus, chemical activity, alloy type and microstructure are the main factors affecting the machining performance of titanium alloys. The low modulus of elasticity of titanium alloy makes the machined surface easy to spring back, especially the processing spring back of thin-walled parts is more serious, which is easy to cause strong friction between the flank face and the machined surface, thereby wearing the tool and chipping. Titanium alloys have strong chemical activity, and can easily interact with oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen at high temperatures, increasing their hardness and decreasing plasticity. It is difficult to mechanically process the oxygen-rich layer formed during heating and forging. Titanium alloys have different alloy compositions and different processing properties. In the annealed state, a-type titanium alloy has better mechanical processing performance; a+β-type titanium alloy takes the second place; β-type titanium alloy has high strength and good hardenability. But the machining performance is the worst.

There are many machining methods for titanium alloys, mainly including: turning, milling, boring, drilling, grinding, tapping, sawing, EDM and so on.
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Titanium board appearance inspection standard, do you know?

Ultrasonic impact technology is an efficient way to eliminate harmful residual tensile stress on the surface of the component or the weld area and introduce beneficial compressive stress. Ultrasonic impact equipment uses high-power energy to push the impact head to impact the surface of metal objects at a frequency of about 20,000 times per second. The high-frequency, high-efficiency and high-focus energy causes large compression and plastic deformation of the metal surface; at the same time, the ultrasonic impact changes The original stress field generates beneficial compressive stress; the metal surface temperature rises rapidly and cools rapidly under high-energy impact, which changes the surface metal structure of the affected area and strengthens the impact site.

In the field of high-energy ultrasound (HPU), ultrasonic impact technology has become a promising research direction, and its application range has been extended to various materials, components, and welding units. So far, the ultrasonic impact technology has been used in railways, marine engineering, automobiles, armored vehicles, heavy construction machinery, mechanical parts, aircraft, bridges, rolling stock, and rolling stock in Russia, Ukraine, France, Japan, Norway, Sweden, Canada, and the United States. , Petroleum pipelines, chemical machinery equipment and many other fields have applications.

Ultrasonic impact is the use of high-power ultrasound to push the impact tool to impact the surface of a metal object at a frequency of more than 20,000 times per second. Due to the high frequency, high efficiency and large energy of the ultrasound, the metal surface produces greater piezoplastic deformation; At the same time, the ultrasonic shock wave changes the original stress field and produces a certain value of compressive stress; the ultrasonic shock wave can be strengthened. The ultrasonic drive power supply is connected with the ultrasonic transducer arranged in the shell through a cable, the vibration output end of the transducer is connected with the horn, and the end of the horn is equipped with an impact needle. The ultrasonic drive power converts the mains electricity into high frequency and high voltage alternating current, which is output to the ultrasonic transducer. Then the ultrasonic transducer converts the input electrical energy into mechanical energy, that is, ultrasonic. Its manifestation is that the transducer makes a longitudinal reciprocating telescopic motion; the frequency of the telescopic motion is equal to the frequency of the AC current of the driving power source, and the displacement of the telescopic motion is more than ten. About micrometers. The role of the horn is to amplify the output amplitude of the transducer to more than 100 microns, and on the other hand to apply an impact force to the impact needle to push the impact needle forward at high speed. After the impact pin impacts the workpiece, the energy is transferred to the weld to achieve the effect of eliminating internal stress. The impact head rebounds after being reacted by the workpiece, and when it hits the high-frequency vibrating horn, it is excited again and hits the weld at high speed again. Repeat this many times to complete the impact operation. Features:  High power, good impact effect, high reliability, long service life, light weight, portability, very convenient operation, sophisticated design, wide range of use, significant energy saving, and cost reduction.

effect:

 1. Turn the residual tensile stress in the surface layer of the metal weld into a compressive stress, thereby greatly improving the fatigue life of the metal structure.

2. Change the metal crystal grain structure in the surface layer to produce a plastic deformation layer, thereby significantly improving the strength and hardness of the metal surface layer.

3. Improve the geometry of the weld toe and reduce stress concentration.

4. Change the welding stress field, significantly reduce welding deformation and improve the dimensional stability of the workpiece.
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Production process of titanium aluminum profiles

Reducing the price of titanium alloy materials such as titanium rods, titanium plates, and titanium wires must be carried out from two aspects: the development of new low-cost alloys and the improvement of production processes:

1. Reduce raw material costs

Titanium has a high melting point and very active chemical properties. It has a strong chemical affinity with elements such as O, H, N and C, which makes it difficult to extract pure titanium. The Kroll magnesium reduction method is widely used in industry to produce sponge titanium. The Kroll magnesium reduction method produces sponge titanium with a complex process, high energy consumption, long cycle time, and cannot be continuously produced. At the same time, a large amount of metallic magnesium is required as a reducing agent, and the production cost is relatively high. At present, the process of direct electrochemical reduction of TiO2 in molten CaCl2 developed by the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom has made a breakthrough. This method has a short production cycle for producing sponge titanium, and the production cost has been reduced by 40%.

Titanium alloys mostly use high-priced V as alloying elements to increase their strength, and these alloying elements are mostly added with Al-X as a master alloy. Substituting cheap Fe, Cr and other alloying elements for V is an effective way to reduce the cost of titanium alloys.

With the advancement of titanium smelting technology, it is an effective method to reduce the cost of raw materials to add the leftovers and scraps generated during the production and processing of titanium as furnace charge after a series of treatments to achieve recycling.

2. Reduce processing costs

Casting is a classic net (near) forming process. The parts produced do not need to be machined or machined very little, which saves a lot of metal. Casting can often produce parts with complex shapes, and when these parts are manufactured by other traditional methods, the process is complicated and the production cost is relatively high, especially for titanium, which has relatively high material prices. At present, titanium castings are widely used in the aviation industry. In the automobile manufacturing industry, parts produced by casting methods include valves and turbochargers. Powder metallurgy, as an advanced technology method of modern metallurgy and material processing, has played an important role in the titanium industry. The use of titanium powder metallurgy near-forming technology can directly produce finished products or parts close to the finished size, which reduces the consumption of raw materials, shortens the processing cycle, and saves 20% to 50% of the cost compared with conventional processes. At present, the research of titanium powder metallurgy is in a stage of rapid development, which mainly includes several aspects. One is the preparation technology of high-quality and low-cost titanium powder and its industrialization; the other is the preparation technology of titanium powder metallurgy, which is also popularized and applied in the automobile industry.
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Do you know the drawing process of titanium rods?

TC4 titanium alloy has excellent comprehensive properties, and the output accounts for more than 50% of the entire titanium alloy products, and more than 80% of the total amount of titanium alloy products is used in the aerospace industry. It is mainly used as load-bearing components of aircraft, which accounts for approximately the amount of titanium alloy used for load-bearing components 70% to 80% of the total. At present, some countries in the world have mature technologies for preparing large-scale titanium alloy materials and have formulated corresponding specifications. For example, the thickness of Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) titanium alloy sheets in the American Standard AMS 4911L can reach 100mm. However, due to the limitations of the preparation process and the level of use, the preparation of high-performance large-size TC4 titanium alloy thick plates (thickness greater than 40mm and width greater than 2000mm) in China still faces many challenges.

As the thickness and width of the TC4 titanium alloy sheet increase, the difficulty of controlling the uniformity of the structure and maintaining its strong plastic matching will also increase. The use of suitable hot working methods is effective for preparing large-size TC4 titanium alloy thick plates. way. The researchers used the thermal processing map obtained by the thermal simulation test as a reference to explore the deformation amount, rolling temperature and other process parameters, and successfully prepared a large-size TC4 with good plate shape and uniform structure on a 2800mm four-high hot rolling mill. Titanium alloy thick plate.

The TC4 titanium alloy ingot used in the experiment was smelted by vacuum consumable arc three times, and the mass was 5t. After peeling the ingots, samples were taken at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the ingot and analyzed for composition. From the analysis results, it can be seen that the main elements Al, V and the impurity elements Fe and O are evenly distributed on the upper, middle, and lower parts of the ingot without segregation. Fully meet the requirements of preparing large-size TC4 titanium alloy thick plates.
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New developments in the skill flow of titanium alloy casting titanium alloy

(1) The elastic modulus of titanium is relatively low relative to its tensile performance. Therefore, in the pressing and roller operations, a larger rebound margin must be considered. It is precisely because of the lower modulus of elasticity that in order to achieve the same degree of stability, the cross-section of titanium parts is slightly larger than that of the same steel parts.

(2) Titanium is easy to machine, but its seizure tendency (larger than stainless steel) and low thermal conductivity must be considered, and the commonly used machining technology, thread, and bearing surface design must be appropriately improved. At least a rigid machine tool, sharp cutting tools, slow speed, large cutting volume, and leave room for chip removal, it is also recommended to use a large amount of cooling lubricant.

(3) The thermal expansion coefficient of titanium is 75% of carbon steel. When it is necessary to combine these two materials in equipment design and manufacturing, special attention should be paid to this point.

(4) Because titanium is a kind of active metal, it is easy to combine with oxygen in the air when heated to above 600℃, so it is generally not recommended to use titanium for a long time at a temperature higher than this temperature.

(5) When the temperature of industrial pure titanium exceeds 150~200℃, the mechanical strength decreases rapidly.

(6) The diffusion rate of hydrogen in titanium is faster than that of oxygen. Therefore, before the thermal processing, the heating furnace used should have a micro-oxidizing atmosphere. This will produce a thinner oxide film, but it avoids the possibility of hydrogen. Deep pollution.

(7) The softer industrial pure titanium plate is easy to be cold-formed after annealing; the harder industrial pure titanium and Ti2.5Cu require medium temperature processing, and the processing temperature for Ti6Al4V is preferably 600~700℃.

(8) Composite plates can be obtained by explosive welding of thin titanium plates and thick steel plates, which can be used to manufacture high-pressure and high-temperature vessels and heat exchangers. However, it is not economically cost-effective to use it to replace the overall titanium or the titanium lining of the suit.
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The use and characteristics of titanium rods

TC4 alloy is a typical α-β two-phase titanium alloy, containing 6% α stabilizing element Al and 4% β stabilizing element V. The alloy has excellent comprehensive properties and has been widely used in the aviation and aerospace industries. The long-term working temperature of TC4 titanium alloy can reach 400℃. In the aviation industry, it is mainly used to manufacture engine fans and compressor discs and blades, as well as important load-bearing components such as beams, joints and bulkheads in aircraft structures.

The main semi-finished products of TC4 titanium alloy are bars, forgings, thick plates, thin plates, profiles and wires. The alloy is mainly used in the annealed state, and can also be strengthened by solution aging treatment, and the quenched cross section generally does not exceed 25mm.

The alloy has good process plasticity and superplasticity, and is suitable for various pressure forming. The alloy can also be welded and machined in various ways.
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