Titanium alloy grinding and polishing technology

(1) Fine grinding

That is, the surface of titanium and titanium alloy castings is polished by using conventional various types of emery rubber wheels. The problem that needs to be paid attention to during grinding is still not to cause the casting to generate heat, not to cause grinding damage on the surface of the casting, and to make the entire surface smooth.

(2) Barrel grinding method

The so-called barrel grinding method is to put the processed castings, abrasives, water and additives into the barrel-type grinding tank. The grinding barrel rotates and vibrates, causing friction between the mixture of abrasives and the processed castings to grind the surface of the castings. Smooth and flat. It is characterized by no dust pollution, low labor intensity, and no heat generation in the conventional grinding process. At present, Japan has commercialized barrel grinders and abrasive materials used for grinding Titanium Planar Target alloy castings, other metal castings and plastics. Tests have confirmed that the pk series abrasives have the highest grinding efficiency, but the surface roughness is also the highest. Although the grinding efficiency of SA and B series abrasives is not as good as PK, the surface smoothness of the titanium castings after grinding is the highest. At present, the Fourth Military Medical University has successfully developed the first dental barrel grinder in China.

(3) Mechanical polishing method

Use different specifications of soft cloth or black brush, dipped in ASTM F67 Gr2 Titanium Sheet and titanium-containing alloy special polishing paste to polish the surface of titanium and titanium-containing alloy. When polishing titanium castings, it is necessary to completely clear the contamination layer on the surface of the casting and no new grinding and hardening layer has occurred, which will not achieve the desired polishing effect. High speed and light pressure should be used when polishing. The author has also tried to use green polishing paste to polish titanium and titanium-containing alloy castings, and achieved a relatively ideal polishing effect. The polished Grade 23 Titanium Plate and titanium-containing titanium alloy castings cannot be washed immediately. The surface oxide film must be completely formed before washing, otherwise the surface will become dark.

What are the applications of titanium tubes?

Titanium tubes are commonly used in various applications because most stainless steels and other materials in different situations are inefficient. Titanium tubes are one of the most common titanium rolling mill products, and are used in countless products due to their corrosion resistance and strength-to-weight ratio. Titanium and its alloys are constantly evolving to effectively meet the challenges of various industries, from which new characteristics of titanium are required to achieve productivity and to be able to meet federal regulations. Some common uses of titanium tubes are as follows:

Aerospace

Titanium is used for airframe and aerospace engine parts. Titanium pipes can handle high temperatures even without creep. Because the tube has excellent resistance to fatigue and crack growth, it is recognized for its high strength-to-density ratio.

Applications in the power industry

Power generation-Titanium Coil Tube play an important role in high temperature water and steam environments. Grade 2 titanium has been used in different power plants to deal with problems related to boiler friction and condenser failure.

Application in the chemical industry

Chemical processing-highly corrosive environments, such as those commonly found in demand piping systems, chemical processing industries, heat exchangers, and other systems capable of handling heavy loads. With titanium's excellent corrosion resistance, it is likely to effectively withstand high stresses in extreme environments for a long time.

Oil and gas industry

Oil and gas-high temperature, high pressure or high pressure, high temperature applications, such as oil and gas well applications, require pipelines that can be used continuously. The oil and gas industry generally requires high corrosion resistance of titanium, especially in areas such as the upper part, the seabed and downhole.

Titanium tubes are considered to be one of the 9 most abundant elements in the earth's crust, and the 7 most abundant metals. Alloyed titanium tubes and a mixture of vanadium and aluminum can increase the strength of Grade 7 Titanium Plate  while maintaining its weight better than that of steel.

6al4v titanium plate can work easily. With its rigidity, strength, toughness, very ideal high-performance metal pipe metal and high melting point, it is likely to encourage the industry to use titanium pipes and titanium alloy pipes. It can be used in aircraft hydraulic systems, medical implants, hydraulic systems, subsea equipment, offshore drilling platform components, and chemical and marine processing plants.

Titanium and titanium alloy seamless pipes are widely used in these industries

Titanium and titanium alloy seamless tubes have the characteristics of low relative density, high specific strength, large yield ratio, good plastic deformation and ductility, low heat transfer coefficient, and high tensile strength of titanium. Titanium is so stable that it is difficult to develop designs, smelters and even apply it, so it is not common for everyone to think that way. In fact, the reserves of titanium account for 0.6% of the area, ranking ninth, and the reserves are very large. The low activity of titanium lies in the condition. Titanium is very stable in the indoor temperature and air, and it is not easy to reflect. As everyone knows, it has strong organic chemical activity at high temperature, and it is very easy to react with a variety of vapors. Titanium is a metal material, its heat transfer coefficient is very fast, but much slower than some general metal materials. According to the current data, the heat transfer coefficient of titanium is close to that of stainless steel, about one-fourth that of aluminum and one-fifth of that of iron. It has great potential for development in the automotive industry.

The application of titanium and AMS 4900 CP Titanium Plate alloy seamless pipes in the shipbuilding industry is mainly to use its high-quality corrosion resistance, low density, memory capacity, non-magnetic and other characteristics. Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in strategic nuclear submarines, free submersibles, nuclear icebreakers, hydrofoils, hovercraft, demining vessels, propellers, whip antennas, sea pipelines, coolers, heat exchangers, acoustic material equipment, security equipment, etc. , The scope of application of titanium alloys includes: industrial production of pure titanium, titanium-zirconium alloy, titanium alloy, and titanium alloy.

(1) All titanium boats. F1 has very good social experience in the production of titanium boats. In the 1990s, all-titanium wooden boats or motorboats were manufactured by  New Shipyard and Jiangteng Shipyard. All-titanium ships have the advantages of lighter weight, faster speed, small diesel engines, low fuel costs, less carbon dioxide emissions, no surface coating, and easy cleaning of accessories. The disadvantages are the increase in raw material costs and the large difficulty of production and processing. , Strict safety protection regulations. Experimental results show that the ship’s speed reliability, vibration and noise are all very good.

(2) The molecular driving force ship. Titanium alloys are used to replace stainless steel plates in the production of steam generators, heat exchangers and ship cooling towers, which are free from erosion damage. titanium bicycle tubing steam engines are widely used in power stations of Russian nuclear icebreakers. The selection of titanium alloy can increase the service life of diesel engines by more than 10 times.

(3) Propeller. The raw materials of the propeller are specified to have high compressive strength, excellent fatigue characteristics, abrasion resistance and cavitation corrosion resistance in the sea surface material. Titanium alloys can be specified in consideration of the comprehensive type. For the first time, the U.S. Navy used a 1500mm diameter, four-leaf demountable titanium alloy propeller on a hydrofoil. The hydrofoil motorboat propeller was developed in China in 1972. At this stage, various specifications and models of titanium alloy propellers have been produced, with a diameter of 450-1700mm. It can produce titanium alloy fixed propellers with a diameter of 1200mm and a quality of 135kg. Long-term application instructions, the life of titanium alloy propellers is more than 5 times that of alloy copper propellers.

(4) Marine pumps, gate valves and pipelines. Pumps, gate valves and pipes made of copper and stainless steel plates have a service life of only 2-5 years because of extreme working standards. The dismantled titanium alloy has good actual effect and is suitable for moving sea surface pipelines with large flow. The Russian ship pipeline service life standard has three service life regulations, that is, the initial connection guarantee period is 8-9 years; the service life is not less than 15 years; the full service life of various vessels should be reliably operated within 25-30 years .

The main application fields of titanium alloy forgings

How to distinguish between 303 stainless steel rod and titanium rod:

In fact, to distinguish between stainless steel and titanium welding wire, there are some other simple ways to distinguish:

1. Seen from the color. Titanium looks very dark, steel looks very white.

2. Immerse it in nitric acid and you will find that titanium will not react. Once the stainless steel is put down, the stainless steel will react strongly.

3. Titanium has a density of 4.51 and is lighter in weight, while stainless steel is heavier. After careful measurement, it is easy to distinguish it. This should be the biggest difference.

4. titanium exhaust flange can draw gray and black marks on the tiles, but stainless steel can't make marks.

Application fields of titanium rod filter element: chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry

TC4 titanium alloy has excellent comprehensive properties, and the output accounts for more than 50% of the entire titanium alloy products, and more than 80% of the total amount of titanium alloy products is used in the aerospace industry. It is mainly used as load-bearing components of aircraft, which accounts for approximately the amount of titanium alloy used for load-bearing components. 70% to 80% of the total. At present, some countries in the world have mature technologies for preparing large-scale titanium alloy materials and have formulated corresponding specifications. For example, the thickness of Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) titanium alloy sheets in the American Standard AMS 4911L can reach 100mm. However, due to the limitations of the preparation process and the level of use, the preparation of high-performance large-size TC4 titanium alloy thick plates (thickness greater than 40mm and width greater than 2000mm) in China still faces many challenges.

As the thickness and width of the TC4 titanium alloy sheet increase, the difficulty of controlling the uniformity of the structure and maintaining its strong plastic matching will also increase. The use of suitable hot working methods is effective for preparing large-size TC4 titanium alloy thick plates. way. The researchers used the thermal processing map obtained by the thermal simulation test as a reference to explore the deformation amount, rolling temperature and other process parameters, and successfully prepared a large-size TC4 with good plate shape and uniform structure on a 2800mm four-high hot rolling mill. titanium rectangular rod alloy thick plate.

The TC4 titanium alloy ingot used in the experiment was smelted by vacuum consumable arc three times, with a mass of 5t. After peeling the ingots, samples were taken at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the ingot and analyzed for composition. From the analysis results, it can be seen that the main elements Al, V and the impurity elements Fe and O are evenly distributed on the upper, middle, and lower parts of the ingot without segregation. Fully meet the requirements of preparing large-size TC4 titanium alloy thick plates.

The riser and the bottom of the ingot are removed after ultrasonic testing, and then forged into a slab by multi-directional forging on a large-tonnage fast forging machine. A sample was taken from the cross section of the slab head to observe the microstructure in the middle of the thickness direction. Simultaneously cut a Φ10mm compression sample on the cross section of the slab head, and conduct a thermal simulation test on the Gleeble1500 thermal simulation test machine. Among them, the deformation temperature is set to 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1050°C, and the strain rate is set to 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 20s-1.

Next, the slab is heated, reversing hot rolling, ordinary annealing, and surface treatment to obtain a 40-70mm thick TC4 Titanium Capillary Pipe alloy sheet. Use the MTS testing machine to test the room temperature tensile properties of the plate; use the Olympus microscope to observe the metallographic structure.

the result shows:

(1) The hot rolling process developed by the thermal simulation test results successfully produced large-size TC4 titanium alloy thick plates with excellent comprehensive properties. The key process parameters of TC4 thick plate rolling and its suitable control range are heating temperature 900～980℃, strain rate 5～12s-1, and the maximum deformation rate of the last fire pass is not less than 15%～20%.

(2) The microstructure of the prepared TC4 titanium alloy thick plate is a two-state structure, composed of equiaxed primary α phase, elongated secondary α phase and intercrystalline β phase with an average grain size of 25μm. The tensile strength is 925～960MPa, the yield strength is 870～910MPa, and the elongation is 12.0%～14.5%.

Burr treatment method for titanium rods, titanium plates, and titanium processed parts

Titanium alloy drill pipes have excellent physical and mechanical properties, which are mainly manifested in the characteristics of high strength, low density, good inherent winding properties, and so on. Because titanium alloy drill pipes have high vibration resistance, they do not need a while drilling jar. Titanium alloy drill pipe has strong anti-corrosion resistance and adaptability to the downhole environment and can work in high-temperature hydrogen sulfide acidic and high-corrosive environments.

Gr23 Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium Pipe  alloy drill collars and titanium alloy drill pipes have the following characteristics:

1. Non-magnetic, titanium, and titanium square bar alloy have non-magnetic characteristics. Under the condition of 20 Oersted, its magnetic permeability is 1.00005~1.0001H/m, and it will not be magnetized even in a very strong magnetic field;

2. Lighter specific gravity, titanium, and alloy are 43% lighter than steel;

3. The modulus of elasticity is small. The modulus of elasticity of titanium alloy is 57% of that of steel.

Application of titanium rods and titanium alloy materials in the human body

Titanium is a metal with relatively active chemical properties. It can interact with non-metals such as O2, N2, H2, S and halogen when heated. However, at normal temperature, a very thin and dense oxide protective film is easy to form on the surface of titanium, which can resist the action of strong acid and even aqua regia, showing strong corrosion resistance. Therefore, general metals become riddled in acid, alkali, and salt solutions, but titanium is safe. Liquid titanium can dissolve almost all metals, so it can form alloys with a variety of metals. Titanium steel made by adding titanium to steel is tough and elastic. Titanium and metal Al, Sb, Be, Cr, Fe, etc. form interstitial compounds or intermetallic compounds.

     Aircraft made of titanium alloy can carry more than 100 passengers more than aircraft made of other metals with the same weight. The finished submarine can resist both seawater corrosion and deep pressure, and its diving depth is 80% higher than that of a stainless steel submarine. At the same time, titanium is non-magnetic and will not be found by mines, and has a good anti-monitoring effect.

     Titanium is "biophilic". In the human body, it can resist the corrosion of secretions and is non-toxic, and it is suitable for any sterilization method. Therefore, it is widely used in the manufacture of medical equipment, artificial hip joints, knee joints, shoulder joints, flank joints, cranium, active heart valves, and bone fixation clips. When new muscle fiber rings wrap around these "titanium bones", these titanium bones begin to maintain the normal activities of the human body. Titanium is widely distributed in the human body, and the content in a normal human body is no more than 15 mg per 70 kg of body weight. Its role is not clear. However, titanium can stimulate phagocytes and enhance immunity. This effect has been confirmed.

     Titanium compounds and uses: Important titanium compounds are: titanium dioxide (TiO2), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), and barium metatitanate (BaTiO3). Pure titanium dioxide is a white powder, an excellent white pigment, and the trade name is "titanium dioxide". It has both the covering properties of lead white (PbCO3) and the lasting properties of zinc white (ZnO). Therefore, people often add titanium dioxide to paint to make high-grade white paint; in the paper industry as a filler added to the paper pulp; in the textile industry as a matting agent for man-made fibers; in the glass, ceramics, and enamel industries Additives to improve its performance; used as a catalyst in many chemical reactions. With the increasing development of the chemical industry today, titanium dioxide and titanium compounds, as fine chemical products, have high added value and have very attractive prospects. Titanium tetrachloride is a colorless liquid; it has a melting point of 250K, a boiling point of 409K, and an irritating odor. It is easily hydrolyzed in water or humid air and emits a lot of white smoke. TiCl4+3H2O == H2TiO3+4HCl Therefore TiCl4 is used as an artificial aerosol in the military, but it is used in maritime warfare. In agriculture, people use the dense fog on the ground formed by TiCl4 to reduce the heat loss from the ground at night and protect vegetables and crops from severe cold and frost. The TiO2 and BaCO3 are melted together to prepare barium metatitanate: TiO2＋BaCO3 == BaTiO3 + CO2- The artificially prepared BaTiO3 has a high dielectric constant, and the capacitor made from it has a larger capacity, and more importantly, BaTiO3 has Significant "piezoelectric properties", the crystal will generate current when pressed, and will change its shape when it is energized. People put it in the ultrasonic wave, and it generates electric current when it is pressed. The strength of the ultrasonic wave can be measured by measuring the strength of the electric current. It is used in almost all ultrasonic instruments. With the development and utilization of titanate, it is more and more widely used to manufacture non-linear components, dielectric amplifiers, computer memory components, miniature capacitors, electroplating materials, aviation materials, strong magnetism, semiconductor materials, optical instruments, reagents, etc. . The excellent properties of titanium, titanium alloys and titanium compounds prompt humans to urgently need them. However, the high production cost limits the application. We believe that in the near future, with the continuous improvement and improvement of titanium smelting technology, the application of titanium, titanium alloys and titanium compounds will be further developed.

Gr3 Pure Titanium Sheet      Gr2 Polished Titanium Wire      ASTM B861 25*1.2mm Titanium Tube For Chemical      

Common surface treatment methods for titanium alloy forgings

As an important metal welding process plays an important role in industrial production and national defense construction. With the development and changes in the industrial structure of science and technology, advanced welding structure is an effective way to reduce material consumption and reduce the structural quality, a variety of welding technology has broad application prospects. With the development of titanium industry, welding technology has drawn increasing attention.

Titanium has a high specific strength, corrosion resistance and other marine medium, low temperature, high temperature and having high fatigue strength, low coefficient of expansion, good workability, etc., with its structures built in any natural environment can fully play its role. In ship applications, in addition to using its seawater corrosion resistance and high strength characteristics than the outer, as well as non-magnetic, transparent sound, vibration impact, etc., titanium and titanium alloy used in the ship greatly extend the life of the equipment reduce the weight, to enhance the performance of the equipment and technical and tactical whole ship, so titanium is an excellent structural material ship.

As an important metal welding process plays an important role in industrial production and national defense construction with the development of the industrial structure and science and technology, advanced welding structure is an effective way to reduce material consumption and reduce the structural quality of each kinds of welding technology has broad application prospects. With the development of the titanium industry, welding technology has attracted attention higher melting titanium, poor thermal conductivity, and therefore easy because of the improper selection of parameters to form a larger weld pool during welding, and high bath temperature this makes the weld metal and heat affected zone stay long in time high temperature, grain products tends to grow significantly, the joint decreases ductility and toughness, resulting in cracks. So welding processes titanium and titanium alloy is a need to constantly improve problem solving
ASTM F136 6Al-4V ELI Titanium Bar      Titanium Grade 2 Round Bar      titanium foil      Grade 7 Titanium Rod