Titanium seamless pipe rolling method and precautions

Industrial titanium screws can be welded by contact welding without special preparation. When there is a relatively thick oxide film, it needs to be cleaned mechanically or removed in a 5% hydrofluoric acid solution.

The arc welding of titanium screws is carried out in clean gas, and direct current can be used to achieve better results. At this time, the tungsten electrode is the cathode.

 The direct welding of titanium screws with nickel, Bromo-chromium alloys, and other nickel-containing alloys is not suitable because of the formation of harmful fusible eutectics. Between materials of different properties, molybdenum, tantalum, or niobium spacers with a thickness of fifteen to twenty microns are required. This method can eliminate the contamination of the connection area by other elements because the dissolution process does not require the use of special solder and does not require pre-metallization. It can obtain a high-quality vacuum dense connection, this method is the most promising for titanium screws.
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Structural changes of titanium rods and titanium alloy rods during hot extrusion

Google launched the Titanium version of Google Glasses (Glass Titanium Collection). The frame of the glasses is made of titanium, which is strong and light. At present, the titanium alloy version of the glasses provides 4 different designs and different colors of frames.

Titanium is stronger and lighter than stainless steel and has better corrosion resistance. It can be described as an attractive metal. But generally speaking, titanium is too expensive for the mass consumer market, so it is more used in high-end or high-performance market areas, such as aerospace, navigation, and sports competitions.

Due to the inertness and durability of titanium, brand-name jewellery made of titanium (especially titanium rings) has become popular and has become an ideal material for watch casings.

In addition, some items that can be sold in high-priced markets are lightweight and corrosion-resistant and are also made of titanium alloys, such as shovel, flashlight, fork, and spoon used in the field.

Titanium processing, cutting, welding, electroplating, etc. all have high requirements on the production process. In particular, the temperature rises quickly during cutting, and it is easy to sinter on the cutting tool. For this reason, titanium generally gives the impression that it is very difficult to process, and many people think it is a material that cannot be freely designed.

Due to its affinity for the human body and its resistance to rust, titanium is highly anticipated in the medical field and wearable terminal field. So, what are the charms of this material in terms of creativity?

Titanium has a unique hue that is rougher than aluminum and brighter than stainless steel.

application

To make such a matte surface requires a special process called "sandblasting". However, other materials are prone to rust or trachoma on the surface after applying this process. Therefore, only extremely corrosion-resistant titanium can achieve such a texture.

In the field of consumer electronics, there are very few applications of titanium. In 2001, Apple used titanium to make laptop casings. But because of the cost, Apple no longer uses titanium in its later products.
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New method and equipment for smelting and casting of titanium and titanium alloy

When the hydrogen content in titanium pipe fittings is too high, the impact toughness and notched tensile strength will be reduced due to brittleness. Therefore, it is generally stipulated that the hydrogen content in titanium pipe fittings should not be higher than 0.015%. In order to reduce hydrogen absorption, fingerprints, wear marks, grease and other residues should be cleaned up before heat treatment. There is no steam in the heat treatment furnace. When the hydrogen content of titanium pipe fittings is higher than the allowable value, vacuum annealing is required.

When the temperature is not higher than 540 degrees, the oxide film of titanium pipe fittings will not become much thicker, but at higher heat treatment temperatures, the oxidation rate will increase, and the internal diffusion layer of the oxide material will become a layer of pollution. The oxygen contamination layer has a high brittleness ratio, which leads to cracks and damage on the surface of the part. Deoxidation pollution layer includes mechanical processing, pickling, chemical polishing and other methods. During the heat treatment, under the premise of protecting the heat treatment, shorten the heating time as much as possible. It can also be carried out in a vacuum furnace or an inert gas furnace. The pollution caused by the heating of titanium pipe fittings in the air furnace should be avoided or reduced.

Features of titanium pipe fittings:

1. Corrosion resistance of titanium pipe fittings. Titanium is a very active metal, which has a very low equilibrium potential and a strong tendency for thermodynamic corrosion in the medium. Titanium has good stability and corrosion resistance in various media such as oxidation, neutrality, and weak reduction.

2. Titanium pipe fittings have good heat resistance. It can be used for a long time at 600 degrees or high temperature.

3. Non-magnetic, non-toxic, titanium alloy pipe fittings are non-magnetic metals that will not be magnetized in a large magnetic field.

4. Low modulus of elasticity, 57% steel.

5. Inhalation performance. Titanium pipe fittings are an active metal, which can react with a variety of elements and compounds at high temperatures.
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Explosive welding forming and interface microscopic analysis of titanium tube-titanium tube sheet

 For many processing workshops, processing high-strength titanium alloy workpieces is as difficult as climbing a slope. In order to solve this problem, machine tool manufacturers have increased the rigidity of milling machines and lathes, improved the damping performance of the spindle and the size of the machine frame, and improved the performance of the motor; these measures are to be able to provide the required large cutting force while reducing Harmful machine tool vibration to avoid reducing the quality of the workpiece and shortening the service life of the tool. In titanium processing, in order to optimize the tool system and obtain the largest metal removal rate, special attention needs to be paid to the performance of the machine tool that provides cutting force output, the characteristics of the contact part of the cutting edge of the cutting tool and the workpiece, and the connection between the machine tool and the tool Location-spindle coupling device.

If you can use the analogy principle of a variable-speed bicycle when purchasing large-scale special material processing equipment, you can achieve better results. People buy variable-speed bicycles for entertainment or exercise, but when riding, they always use the two or three shifting gears that feel the most comfortable. Tour de France athletes and other well-trained athletes not only pay attention to the various components of the car, but also use the advantages of each component (frame, pedals, transmission, wheels, etc.) to obtain the car whether it is climbing, Or the maximum power output when riding on flat ground.

The main design criteria of the machine tool HPX63 include a large cutting capacity, with a maximum machining diameter of 1050 mm and a workpiece height (Y-axis) of up to 1050 mm. The X-axis travel is 1000 mm, the Z-axis travel is 900 mm, and the pallet size is 630 mm. The speed of the B-axis turntable can reach 12rpm, with high torque and fast acceleration performance. The moving speed is fast, up to 32 m/min, the acceleration/deceleration is 0.5G, and the cutting feed rate is 12 m/min. The machine tool is specially designed for precision machining. The metallurgical process used makes the castings with the greatest rigidity. The axial slide of the spindle box is quenched, ground, and manually scraped. The positioning accuracy and repeat positioning accuracy are 0.001 mm. The spindle device of Mitsui Machine Tool can automatically compensate for temperature changes without requiring warm-up time. This company provides a variety of spindle options to meet the needs of users to choose the direct drive and gear drive, as well as the needs of different torques and speeds.

All in all, the HPX-63 machine tool has good robustness, rigidity, and accuracy. It is very suitable for the processing of titanium, Inconel, tool steel, stainless steel, and aluminum materials. It is suitable for the aerospace industry, energy industry, compressor, Molds, fixtures and tooling equipment, automobile prototype parts manufacturing, and general high-precision machining. In order to optimize the tool system, the spindle coupling device is required to maximize the transmission of machine tool power. Most of the tool products on the market are integral tools, and the spindle clamping force is relatively low. The rigidity of the coupling device is very limited, and the radial fit needs to be kept to a minimum specified value. In order to obtain stable end-face contact performance, a very tight tolerance level is required, so the processing cost is greatly increased.
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What is the magnetic properties of the titanium tube? what is the purpose?

In titanium alloy plates and titanium plates, the recrystallization process is often accompanied by some other structural changes. For example, in near-a alloys and a+β alloys where the content of β-stabilizing elements is small, the dissolution of phase a and the change of β composition are accompanied by the dissolution of phase a; Or cause the inoculation effect on the subsequent aging. In addition, different types of alloys have different microstructures at room temperature, different alloy phases involved in deformation, and different recrystallization processes and characteristics.

In addition to the recovery and recrystallization process of the cold-worked structure of the titanium alloy plate and the titanium plate when heated, there are also compound solutions and a → β polymorphic transformation. In order to improve the performance of titanium alloys and titanium plates, in addition to necessary alloying, appropriate heat treatment is generally required. The recovery process of titanium alloy and titanium plate is also a process in which most of the second type of internal stress generated during deformation is eliminated through the movement of vacancies and dislocations at a certain temperature. The temperature at which the recovery process occurs is lower than the recrystallization temperature, generally 500 to 650°C. .

The influence of alloying elements on the recrystallization temperature of pure titanium has been described in the previous section. In addition to niobium and cobalt, commonly used alloying elements and impurity elements can increase the recrystallization temperature of titanium. The measurement of recrystallization mainly adopts the method of combining metallographic observation and X-ray diffraction. When recrystallization occurs, fine equiaxed grains appear on the deformed fibrous structure, and at the same time, the diffraction rings on the X-ray back-reflected Laue diagram begin to become unconnected spots. For heat-treatable β alloys, incomplete aging (500°C/4-8 hours, air cooling) can also be used to show the recrystallized structure, and the unrecrystallized grains after incomplete aging will appear dark after corrosion. It has been measured that the starting recrystallization temperature of TA2 pure titanium is about 550°C, TA7 titanium alloy is about 600°C, TC4 titanium alloy is about 700°C, and TB2 alloy is 750°C.

Like other metals, the recrystallization process of titanium alloy plates and titanium plates is also a process of nucleation and growth of crystal grains on the deformed structure. At this time, the lattice type does not change, but there is a change in mechanical properties. This process is affected by the degree of cold deformation, heating temperature and holding time, and can be recrystallized through three-dimensional recrystallization of cold deformation rate, heating temperature and recrystallized grain size.
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What is the corrosion resistance of titanium? What is the performance in common media?

The density of titanium is 4.5g/cm³, which is 57% of that of steel; titanium is less than twice as heavier as aluminum and three times stronger than aluminum. The specific strength is the ratio of strength to density. When compared with different materials, the specific strength of titanium alloys is almost the largest among the commonly used industrial alloys. The specific strength of titanium alloy is 3.5 times that of stainless steel, 1.3 times that of aluminum alloy, and 1.7 times that of magnesium alloy, so it is an indispensable structural material in the aerospace industry.
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Analysis of Common Faults in Surface Quality of Titanium Alloy Products

In the application of various titanium alloy products, forgings are mostly used in gas turbine compressor discs and medical artificial bones that require high strength, high toughness, and high reliability. Therefore, not only high dimensional accuracy is required for forgings, but also materials with excellent characteristics and high stability are required. For this reason, it is necessary to give full play to the characteristics of titanium alloys in the manufacturing process of titanium forgings to obtain high-quality forgings. Titanium alloy is difficult to forge and is prone to cracks. Therefore, the most important thing in the production of titanium alloy forgings is to properly control the forging temperature and plastic deformation.

Application fields of titanium alloy forgings

1) Aerospace field

50% of the world's titanium materials are used in the aerospace field. 30% of the body of military aircraft uses titanium alloy, and the amount of titanium in civil aircraft is gradually increasing. According to reports, the amount of titanium used by Boeing 787 aircraft has reached more than 15%. The representative of titanium alloy for body is Ti-6Al-4V alloy, which has the highest reliability. The near β-type high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al has been used in the landing gear components of Boeing 777 aircraft, and the A380 has been discussing the use of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy large forgings as the transmission device of the main landing gear.

If it can be practical, this will be the largest titanium forging with a length of 7m. In aircraft engines, titanium alloy is also an indispensable material, mainly used for fan and compressor parts whose temperature is below 853K. Typical parts used are fan blades, casings, discs, compressor blades, discs, stub shafts, casings, etc. In the aerospace field, titanium alloy forgings are used in the fuel tanks of rocket and satellite propulsion engines, the shells of attitude control engines, the blades of liquid fuel turbo pumps and the inlet section of suction pumps. Most of these parts use low-interstitial element type Ti-5Al-2.5SnELI alloy with excellent low temperature toughness.

2) Turbine blades for power generation

Increasing the length of the blades of the steam turbine for thermal power generation is an effective measure to improve the power generation efficiency, but the lengthening of the blades will increase the load of the rotor. The use of titanium alloy forgings as blades can reduce the load, and the use of 1m long Ti-6Al-4V alloy blades in the final section of a high-speed rotating steam turbine has been put into practical use in 1991.
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What are the characteristics of titanium rods?

We all know that the target material is the target material bombarded by high-speed energetic particles. Sputtering targets are mainly used in the electronics and information industries, such as integrated circuits, information storage, liquid crystal displays, laser storage, electronic control devices, etc.; it can also be used in the field of glass coating; it can also be used in wear-resistant materials, high temperature and corrosion resistance , High-end decorative products and other industries.

There are many types of target materials, including metals, alloys, oxides, etc., which are used in different industries and are widely used. So what are the common metal targets? Are sputtering targets lacking resources? Let's take a look together.

The types of common metal targets are as follows:

Conventional metal targets: Magnesium Mg, Manganese Mn, Iron Fe, Cobalt CO, Nickel Ni, Copper Cu, Zinc Zn, Lead Pd, Tin Sn, Aluminum AL

Small metal targets Indium In, Germanium Ge, Gallium Ga, Antimony Sb, Bismuth Bi, Cadmium Cd

Refractory metal targets Ti Ti, Zirconium Zr, Hafnium Hf, Vanadium V Niobium Nb, Tantalum Ta, Ming Cr, Molybdenum Mo, Tungsten W, Rhenium Re

Noble metal targets: Gold Au, silver Ag, palladium Pd, platinum Pt, iridium lr, ruthenium Ru, rhodium Rh, osmium Os

Semi-metal target carbon C, boron B, tellurium Te, selenium Se

Whether the sputtering target is a scarce resource

Rare metals usually refer to metals that are less in content or sparsely distributed in nature. They are difficult to extract from raw materials, and they are relatively late in industrial preparation and application. But it has a wide range of uses in modern industry. China is rich in rare metal resources. The proven reserves of tungsten, titanium, rare earths, vanadium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, lithium, and beryllium are among the highest in the world. China is gradually establishing a rare metal industrial system.

Rare light metals include lithium Li, rubidium Rb, cesium Cs, and beryllium Be. The specific gravity is small and the chemical activity is strong.

Rare refractory metals include titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten. The melting point is higher, and the melting point of the compounds formed with carbon, nitrogen, silicon, boron, etc. is also higher.

Rare scattered metals are abbreviated as rare scattered metals, including gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, rhenium, selenium and tellurium. Most of it occurs in minerals of other elements.

Rare rare earth metals are abbreviated as rare earth metals, including scandium, yttrium and lanthanides. Their chemical properties are very similar and are associated with each other in minerals.

Rare radioactive metals include naturally occurring francium, radium, polonium and actinium, thorium, protactinium, and uranium in actinide series metals, as well as artificially manufactured technetium, promethium, actinium series other elements and elements 104 to 107.

The above classification is not very strict. Some rare metals can be included in this category or in another category. For example, rhenium can be included in the rare metals can also be included in the rare refractory metals.

However, it is not difficult to see from the above description that the metal components of sputtering targets for some special applications are indeed scarce resources.
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In addition to high strength and good corrosion resistance, Gr5 titanium alloy has other characteristics.

In the chemical industry and other application fields, high requirements are placed on semi-finished products and processed parts of titanium or titanium alloys. Therefore, in the fields of aviation and aerospace, the cost of developing inspection instruments and monitoring devices is particularly high. The price of the parts has a big impact. Titanium alloy has the highest tensile plasticity and can be welded in various ways. It can be used for a long time at a temperature of up to 250 degrees Celsius. It is mainly used to manufacture various structural parts of aircraft and engines that are not stressed. Industrial pure titanium has good plasticity, can form various sheet metal stamping parts in a cold state, and has relatively high corrosion resistance. Ti5Al2.5Sn titanium alloy has a moderate room temperature tensile strength (800 degrees Celsius 1000MPa and good welding performance. Compared with industrial pure titanium, the new titanium alloy mainly includes various grades of industrial pure titanium and widely used Ti5Al2.5Sn For titanium alloys, the room temperature tensile strength of industrial pure titanium fluctuates in the range of 350 degrees Celsius and 700 MPa. Ti5Al2.5Sn alloy has slightly lower plasticity and higher thermal strength, and the long-term working temperature can be as high as 450 degrees Celsius.

With the rapid development of cutting-edge science and technology such as aviation, aerospace, nuclear energy, etc., the requirements for materials are becoming more and more stringent. Not only are the materials used for manufacturing these equipment parts to be corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant, and anti-fretting, but also require high-end resistance. temperature. It is necessary to pay attention to the long-term test, in many places, before the large-scale application of titanium to the chemical industry. Under the test conditions, cooperate to test its service life and material structure. If the lack of safety (immaturity) due to the use of conventional structural data is mostly indicated and the economic benefits are not great, then the first step is to gradually develop titanium and titanium alloys, as well as the development of high-level technology in the field of structural data in recent decades. Various other mature new materials. Therefore, the military sector has developed faster in the application field of titanium and its alloys than in the civilian field.

In many industrial media, rare earth metals and precious metals are often mainly used for stability, or materials such as stainless steel can only reach a certain limit in corrosion resistance. Most application fields use titanium to obtain benefits due to its low density, corrosion resistance, and high strength. So far. Moreover, the consumption cost is relatively high, so the application of titanium or titanium alloy can obtain relatively high corrosion resistance. The creep characteristics of hard titanium at temperatures exceeding 150T surpass that of aluminum and its alloys. Considering that compared with other materials, titanium alloys have the advantages of unique creep characteristics under low-density conditions. It is found that hard titanium is used in aircraft manufacturing and missile manufacturing. The importance of application. The earliest application of titanium and titanium alloys is the aviation industry. Recently, the aviation industry has become increasingly urgent for high-strength and low-density materials, which greatly promotes the development of titanium manufacturing.
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What are the advantages of titanium alloy board compared with other material sheets?

Titanium alloys are widely used because of their series of excellent properties. However, titanium alloys have high friction coefficients, are very sensitive to adhesive wear and fretting wear, have poor wear resistance, are easy to catch fire at high temperature and high-speed friction, and have relatively poor resistance to high-temperature oxidation. The shortcomings seriously affect the safety and reliability of its structure and greatly limit its application. Therefore, improving the surface properties of titanium alloys such as wear resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. In addition to improving the alloy composition and preparation process, surface modification of titanium alloys is currently the most effective method.

In recent years, electron beam surface treatment technology has developed rapidly. When the electron beam with high energy density acts on the surface of the material, the surface of the material has physical, chemical, or mechanical properties that are difficult to achieve by conventional methods, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the material surface is significantly improved. And high-temperature oxidation resistance. A domestic engineering technology company used pulsed high-current low-energy electron beams for surface treatment of titanium alloys and achieved good results.

The material used in the experiment is TA15 titanium alloy (Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V). After the surface of the sample is polished, the surface is modified with a high-current pulsed electron beam. The electron beam acceleration voltage is 27kV, the target distance is 80mm, and the pulse The number of times is 10, and the pulse interval is 45s.

The hardness test of the obtained sample shows that as the depth increases, the hardness value first decreases and then increases, and finally tends to a fixed value. This special oscillating curve distribution can be explained as: under the pulsed high-energy rapid irradiation, a heating shock wave will sprout in the energy absorbing layer of the material, and it will be reflected back when it encounters the interface. Multiple irradiations cause interference and superposition of stress waves with each other, presenting a complex stress distribution state, and causing a special distribution of cross-section microhardness.

The wear volume of the sample after electron beam treatment is 3 times higher than that of the original sample, indicating that the wear resistance of TA15 titanium alloy after electron beam treatment is improved. The reasons may be the following three aspects:

(1) The high energy of the electron beam is instantly deposited in a small area of ​​the subsurface layer of the material, so that the material quickly rises to the phase transition temperature or the melting temperature, and then the heat conduction of the matrix achieves ultra-high-speed cooling (about 109K/s) to make the material surface The quenching effect occurs, which plays a role of solid solution strengthening, so the wear resistance of the surface is improved;

(2) The electron beam rapid solidification process will refine the grains of the surface layer of the material, thereby improving the wear resistance of the material;

(3) When the electron beam pulse acts on the surface of the material, the temperature begins to rise rapidly. As the rapid outward thermal expansion of the material surface is constrained, an inwardly propagating compressive thermal stress wave is generated. The residual stress forms a compressive stress distribution, which is beneficial to improve wear resistance.
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Titanium screw selection skills

The actual use value of titanium alloy plates: Titanium alloy plates have always been favored by people for their good physical properties, lightweight, beautiful appearance, durability, easy recycling of materials, high reuse rate, and no pollution. However, due to titanium The high price of alloy plates, poor wear resistance, and other factors directly affect the large-scale use of titanium alloy plates. Therefore, how to reduce the price of titanium alloy materials and improve the wear resistance of titanium alloys has become the development direction of titanium alloy materials in the future.

Titanium alloy has high strength, low density, corrosion resistance, long service life, and high waste recycling price. After being scrapped, the value of titanium scrap is still equivalent to more than 60% of the purchase value of raw materials. It can be said that titanium material is the least wasteful material, and the green environmental protection of titanium will not cause any adverse impact on the environment;

Titanium alloy is rich in resources and ranks third in the storage on the earth. It can be said to be inexhaustible and inexhaustible. Therefore, the high cost of titanium alloy plate is only the first time the investment is relatively large, but if you use it for many years, you can calculate it carefully. In the end, the titanium alloy plate is regarded as an economical and practical ideal material.

In order to improve the performance and grade of existing doors and windows in some domestic home furnishing industries, they have changed the low-level structure that only pursued labor-saving, material-saving, and low-price in the past, and realized the goal of shifting from sliding windows to better-performing casement windows. A transition from the main to realize diversified system designs such as single-layer, double-layer, three-layer, small opening, and large fixing. At the same time, attention should be paid to the selection of frame materials, glass, spacers, and sealants for titanium alloy doors.

Titanium alloy doors can use TC4 and titanium plates to make door edges, handles, spoke reinforcement rings, and ribs. Nowadays, some high-end villas have begun to use titanium alloy doors. After a long period of time, it has been proved that the use effect is very good, and the expected design goals have been fully achieved, adding beautiful scenery to people's lives and the environment.
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