Application and advantages of medical titanium rods in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular repair materials

Examples of medical titanium rods used in human cardiovascular applications include artificial heart valves, blood filters, pacemakers and artificial heart pumps.

 The main advantages are:

 ① High strength, good chemical stability, and excellent biocompatibility;

 ② Titanium is non-magnetic, and seldom produces false images in the magnetic resonance spectrum MRI;

 ③ The elasticity and shape recovery function of NiTi memory alloy is very suitable for medical applications. NiTi alloy is martensitic at low temperature (near zero) and easily becomes a shape that can be easily introduced into the human body. When the temperature rises to body temperature Reverse phase transition will occur at the time, so as to return to the original set shape and produce a larger restoring force for orthopedic and support. In recent years, the application of NiTi shape memory alloy in vascular stents has attracted much attention. However, NiTi alloys may dissolve Ni ions under physiological conditions, thereby inducing toxicity and inflammatory reactions. To this end, researchers have conducted a large number of surface modification studies on the alloy. The main methods include surface inert coating, surface oxidation, surface activation and surface grafting of macromolecules. Although the footholds are different, they can effectively inhibit the dissolution of Ni ions and improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of NiTi alloys.

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Application of titanium rods and titanium wires in aerospace, automotive and communications industries

In order to enable titanium alloys to achieve satisfactory comprehensive mechanical properties and expand the use of titanium, various alloying elements are added to pure titanium to obtain various titanium alloys. Titanium alloys also have this feature, with small specific gravity and high specific strength; at the same time, they have good heat and corrosion resistance. With the development of industry, titanium alloy bars have been used in many fields.

1. Aerospace industry

The aerospace industry has always been the main application field of titanium alloy rods and titanium wires. With the development of the national economy, there will be a considerable demand for titanium alloy rods and wires with a diameter of less than 50mm in this field.

2. Aircraft fasteners

In modern high-performance aircraft, the use of titanium alloy fasteners can increase the strength of joints, improve the fatigue strength and sealing of structural parts, and reduce structural weight by 4%.

3. Glasses frame

Titanium and titanium alloys are light in weight, elastic, corrosion-resistant, and do not produce allergic reactions when they come in contact with human skin.

4. Automobile valve spring and valve stem

Due to the weight reduction, the titanium valve spring can speed up the valve movement, increase the engine speed, reduce wear and tear, reduce noise, and reduce fuel consumption by 2% to 4%.

5. Titanium-nickel alloy wire for medical use

This kind of wire has good plasticity and shape memory properties. It can be used to make satellite self-opening antennas, instrument thermal control components, medical materials, such as various surgical instruments, such as scissors, brackets, pliers, tweezers, and dental orthopedic materials. There are hundreds of varieties and specifications of various surgical implant materials.

6. Marine products breeding cage

According to the Foreign Journal, Japan’s marine fishery cage culture area is about 500×104m2, of which 30% use metal cages and the rest use chemical fiber cages. Compared with the above two types of cages, titanium cages are not easy to attach to marine organisms, are resistant to seawater corrosion, have a service life of more than 15 years, low maintenance costs, and are non-toxic and do not pollute the environment.

7. Titanium and titanium alloy electrodes

A stable domestic market has been formed and there is a certain amount of demand every year. However, it is difficult to produce alloy wire by drawing method. If it is changed to rolling method, the output and quality of alloy wire will be greatly improved, and the wire production will be technically improved by a level.

8. Welding wire for golf clubs and bicycle spokes

In recent years, there has been a considerable demand for titanium alloy welding wires and titanium bicycle spokes for welding golf clubs in foreign countries, and the sales prices are considerable.

9. Mobile phone antenna

According to reports, more than 90% of the mobile phones produced by Dailyben use Ti-Ni alloy superelastic wire antennas. Recently, in order to improve the electrical conductivity of the antenna, copper plating has begun to further improve the performance of the Ti-Ni antenna. The demand for such antennas in Europe and America is also rapidly increasing. The wire blank for this antenna is a new project with great development prospects.

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Small tool contact arc coefficient of titanium alloy CNC machining machine

Titanium and titanium alloys are known as "space metals" and "marine metals" due to their high specific strength, good thermal stability, corrosion resistance and non-magnetic properties. They are widely used in aerospace, chemical, petroleum, metallurgy, and electric power And ships and other fields. Since the 1950s, titanium has developed into the main structural material of aircraft and has become the material of choice for the manufacture of high-performance aircraft engine fans, compressor wheels and blades and other important components. With the continuous development of the aerospace industry, the titanium alloy industry has developed rapidly as a late-starting emerging industry. Especially in recent years, driven by the Chinese market, the international titanium alloy production and market demand have experienced a During the period of rapid development, the global titanium output has doubled in the past four years.

Titanium Condenser, a component of the refrigeration system, is a kind of titanium heat exchanger, which can convert gas or vapor into liquid, and transfer the heat in the titanium tube to the titanium tube in a very fast way In the air nearby. The working process of the cooler is an exothermic process, so the temperature of the cooler is relatively high.

Power plants use many coolers to condense the steam discharged from the turbine. Coolers are used in refrigeration plants to condense refrigerant vapors such as ammonia and freon. In the petrochemical industry, coolers are used to condense hydrocarbons and other chemical vapors. In the distillation process, the device that converts vapor to liquid is also called a condenser. All coolers operate by taking away the heat of gas or steam.

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Precautions when the hydrogen content of titanium pipe fittings is too high

Titanium rod features 1 small density; 2 high specific strength; 3 acid, alkali, salt, seawater corrosion resistance; 4 excellent mechanical properties.

Titanium rod use: used in the petroleum industry, electric power industry, salt and alkali industry, coking industry, hydrometallurgy industry, pharmaceutical industry, etc.

Titanium rods are mainly used for structural bearings, high-temperature titanium alloys and structural titanium alloys for the body, corrosion-resistant titanium alloys and strong titanium alloys have been further developed. Titanium alloy is mainly used for the production of aircraft engine compressor parts, followed by the structural parts of rockets, missiles and high-speed aircraft. Titanium alloys are widely used in various fields because of their high strength, good corrosion resistance and high heat resistance. Many countries in the world have recognized the importance of titanium alloy materials, have conducted research and development on them, and have been practically applied.

Titanium alloy has good welding performance. If titanium alloy thin skin and titanium alloy profile parts are welded to form a light titanium alloy integral wall panel, it will greatly reduce the weight of the fuselage. Titanium alloy A titanium alloy that can be used in various corrosive media. Industrial pure titanium and Ti6A14V alloy are widely used in manufacturing equipment for producing terephthalic acid, urea, acetaldehyde, acetone, chlorine and acetic acid and other chemical products; it is also indispensable in petroleum refining, fiber coloring, pulp manufacturing and metal plating equipment of.

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The appearance of the titanium rod is very similar to that of steel, with a density of 4.51 g/cm3 and less than 60% of steel, which is the lowest density metal element in refractory metals.

The reaction of titanium alloy materials in the air, such as titanium rods, titanium tubes, etc., is usually related to the three non-metallic elements of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen. Their reaction process is closely related to temperature.

Titanium reacts very slowly with oxygen in the air below 100 degrees, and only the surface is oxidized at 500 degrees. As the temperature increases, the surface oxide film begins to dissolve in the titanium, and oxygen begins to diffuse into the metal. However, at 700°C, oxygen does not enter the inner lattice of the metal. When the temperature exceeds 700°C, the diffusion of oxygen to the metal is accelerated, and the surface oxide film loses its protective effect at high temperatures.

The reaction of titanium with oxygen depends on the shape and temperature of titanium. Powder titanium will burn or explode violently under the action of static electricity, sparks and friction in the air at room temperature. However, dense titanium is stable in air at room temperature. When the dense titanium is heated in air, it starts to react with oxygen. First, oxygen enters the crystal lattice on the titanium surface to form a dense oxide film. The oxide film on the surface can prevent oxygen from diffusing into the interior and has a protective effect. Therefore, titanium is stable in the air below 500°C. The color of the surface oxide film is related to the formation temperature. Below 200 degrees is silvery white, 300 degrees is light yellow, 400 degrees is golden yellow, 500 degrees is blue, 600 degrees is purple, 700-800 degrees is red-gray, and 800-900 degrees is gray. In pure oxygen, the initial temperature ratio of titanium to oxygen is lower than the initial temperature ratio in air. At about 500-600°C, titanium burns in oxygen.

Titanium does not react with nitrogen at room temperature, but at high temperatures, titanium is one of the few metal elements that can burn in nitrogen. When the combustion temperature of titanium in nitrogen is higher than 800°C, the reaction between titanium and nitrogen is very violent. The reaction of titanium and nitrogen can not only generate titanium nitride (ti3n, Ti N, etc.), but also form a Ti-N solid solution. When the temperature is 500-550℃, titanium starts to absorb nitrogen and form interstitial solid solution; when the temperature exceeds 600℃, the nitrogen absorption rate of titanium increases. In the Ti-N solid solution, nitrogen enters the titanium lattice in the form of titanium nitride, the phase transition temperature of titanium increases, and nitrogen is also a stabilizer of titanium. The solubility (mass fraction) of nitrogen in air is 7% at 1050°C and 2% at 2020°C. However, the absorption rate of nitrogen by titanium is much slower than the absorption rate of oxygen. Therefore, titanium mainly absorbs oxygen in the air, while the absorption of nitrogen is secondary.

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Progress in the application of titanium alloy precision thermoforming technology in aerospace

Because titanium has excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and process properties, it is widely used in many sectors of the National Economy. Especially in chemical production, the use of titanium instead of stainless steel, nickel-based alloys and other rare metals as corrosion-resistant materials can increase production, improve product quality, extend equipment life, reduce consumption, reduce energy consumption, reduce costs, and prevent Pollution, improvement of working conditions and productivity are all very important. In recent years, the scope of titanium used in the chemical industry in our country has been expanding, and the amount used has increased year by year. Titanium has become one of the main anti-corrosion materials in chemical equipment. Titanium, as a corrosion-resistant structural material used in chemical equipment, has established its position, and as an ideal material in chemical equipment, titanium has increasingly attracted the attention of engineers and technicians.

(1) Chlor-alkali industry

The Chlor-alkali industry is an important basic raw material industry, and its production and development have a great impact on the national economy. This is because the corrosion resistance of titanium to chloride ions is better than that of commonly used stainless steel and other non-ferrous metals. Currently, titanium is widely used in the Chlor-alkali industry to manufacture metal anode electrolyzers, ion-exchange membrane electrolyzers, wet chlorine coolers, refined brine preheaters, dechlorination towers, chlorine cooling scrubbers, etc. In the past, the main components of these equipment used non-metallic materials (such as graphite, polyvinyl chloride, etc.). The mechanical properties, thermal stability and processing performance of non-metallic materials were not ideal, resulting in bulky equipment, high energy consumption, and longevity. Short, and affect product quality and pollute the environment.

(2) Soda ash industry

Soda ash is one of the most basic chemical raw materials, and it is directly related to the development of the national economy. During the production of soda ash, the gaseous media are mostly NH3 and CO2, and the liquid media are mostly NaC1, NH4C1, NH4HCO3 and solutions with a higher concentration of C1-. Carbonization tower small tubes and hot mother liquor coolers are used for carbonation reaction with carbon drink and cast iron The main equipment such as coolers, crystal external coolers, etc., are not corrosion-resistant, with serious corrosion and leakage, and their service life is less than three years.

Titanium and its alloys have many excellent characteristics such as lightweight, high strength, strong heat resistance, and corrosion resistance. They are known as the "future metal" and are new structural materials with promising development. Titanium and its alloys not only have very important applications in the aviation and aerospace industries, but also have begun to be widely used in many industrial sectors such as chemical industry, petroleum, light industry, metallurgy, and power generation.

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Cleaning of titanium pipe welding and oxide film removal of welding groove:

Titanium is a very special metal. It is very light in texture, yet very tough and corrosion-resistant. It retains its own color for life at room temperature. The melting point of titanium is similar to that of platinum, so it is often used in aerospace and military precision parts. After adding electric current and chemical treatment, different colors will be produced. Titanium has excellent resistance to acid and alkali corrosion. Titanium that has been immersed in "aqua regia" for several years is still bright and radiant. If titanium is added to stainless steel, only about one percent is added, which greatly improves the ability to resist rust.

Titanium has excellent characteristics such as low density, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance. The density of titanium alloy is half that of steel and the strength is almost the same as that of steel; titanium is resistant to high temperatures and low temperatures. It can maintain high strength in a wide temperature range of -253℃~500℃. Metal processing WeChat, the content is good and worthy of attention. These advantages are necessary for space metal. Titanium alloy is a good material for making rocket engine shells, artificial satellites, and spacecraft. It is called "space metal". Because of these advantages, titanium has become a prominent rare metal since the 1950s.

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What is the application of titanium plates in the medical industry?

The aerospace industry has high requirements for the weight, strength, resistance, and corrosion resistance of materials. Titanium alloys perfectly meet the requirements of aerospace materials. Titanium alloy is the main construction material of aircraft and is widely used in various parts such as aircraft landing gear, the outer structure of the fuselage, engine turbine blades, casing and so on. Under the conditions of the country's "independent and controllable" requirements for military products and the continuous development of civil aviation, the demand for titanium alloys will continue to rise, and China's titanium alloy industry has a bright development prospect.

In the statistics on the number of global military aircraft at the end of 2019, China ranked third, second only to the United States and Russia, which once again shows that the domestic aerospace titanium material market has great potential.

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Titanium and titanium alloy high-end products have greater future development potential

There are more than 160 titanium alloy manufacturers in my country, and the number of companies with better independent research and development capabilities, higher product technology content, and better brand characteristics is relatively small. Most of them are concentrated in the low-end and mid-end areas, especially the low-end market with excess capacity. The competition is fierce. my country's petrochemical, aerospace, power, marine engineering and other industries continue to have strong demand for high-end titanium alloy products, and the market demand for titanium alloys is shifting from the low-end to mid-to-high-end. However, the number of high-end titanium alloy manufacturers in my country is relatively small and the market supply is insufficient.

At this stage, only 10% of my country's titanium alloy products are used in high-end areas, while 50% of US titanium alloy products are used in high-end areas. Compared with developed countries, my country's titanium alloy industry has a large gap. As my country's large aircraft manufacturing gradually increases and military aircraft continue to upgrade, the aviation industry's demand for titanium alloys will continue to increase. From the perspective of the import unit price of my country's titanium alloy products in 2018, the import unit price is much higher than the export unit price, indicating that the supply of high-end titanium alloy products in my country is insufficient and the market depends on imports. The industry needs to continuously improve R&D and innovation capabilities, improve product performance, develop new functional products, and accelerate the pace of import substitution in the high-end titanium alloy market.

In 2017, my country's titanium output was around 33 million tons, and the industry output declined in 2018. Affected by factors such as weakening market demand, high port inventory, and unoptimistic economic conditions, in 2018, large enterprises in my country's titanium alloy industry had a good operating rate, small enterprises were cautious in resuming production, and the overall output of the industry fell. As the demand for my country's high-end titanium alloy market grows, large-scale enterprises with higher technological levels have greater potential for future development.

According to industry analysts, the national policy attaches more importance to the high-tech industry. The domestic aerospace, shipbuilding, marine engineering, transportation, military and other fields have a growing demand for high-end materials. The production strategy of high-end titanium alloys is of great significance. It has become an inevitable trend for the industry to adjust its product structure and shift to high-end areas. Therefore, the titanium alloy industry will have higher and higher technical requirements for production enterprises, and enterprises can only achieve further development by continuously improving their core competitiveness. In the future, the technical barriers to entry into the titanium alloy industry will continue to increase.

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Brief Analysis of the Status of Titanium Industry in China

The scale of titanium is one of the basic knowledge of titanium. The scale of titanium generally refers to the length of titanium. The length of titanium mainly includes length, width, height, diameter, radius, inner diameter, outer diameter, and wall thickness. The unit of the length of titanium material is the meter (m), centimetre (cm), millimeter (mm) and so on. To know that they have to understand titanium, titanium includes titanium rods, titanium plates, titanium tubes, titanium wires, etc., which are rolled from titanium and titanium alloys.

1. The scale of titanium

It is a useful way to save data. The expert scale of titanium rods means that the length or length by width is not less than a certain scale or the length of the titanium plate. Delivered within the scale of the length and the width. The production unit can produce and supply according to this standard demand.

2. Indefinite

Refers to the general length, where the product scale (length or width) is within the scale of the specification and does not require a fixed scale. Indefinite length is also known as general length (through ruler). For metal materials that are delivered according to an indefinite length, they can be delivered within a regular length scale. For example, for the general round titanium of no more than 25mm, the general length rule is 4-10m, and the round titanium with the length within this scale can be delivered.

3. Fixed length

Cut to a fixed size according to the order requirement is called fixed-length. When delivering according to the fixed-length length, the metal materials submitted must have the length specified by the purchaser in the order contract. For example, if the contract states that the delivery is based on a fixed length of 5m, the delivered materials must be 5m long. Anything shorter than 5m or better than 5m is unqualified. But in fact, it is impossible for the delivery to be all 5m long, so the rule allows for a positive error, but not a negative error.

4. Times the ruler

The one that is cut into integer multiples according to the fixed scale required by the order is called the double ruler. When delivering the goods in multiple lengths, the length of the metal materials submitted must be an integer multiple of the length specified in the purchase contract (called a single length) (with a saw cut). For example, the buyer of a titanium rod manufacturer requires a single ruler length of 2m in the order contract, then the length is 4m when cut into a double ruler, and 6m when cut into a triple ruler, and one or two are added separately. A saw cut. The amount of saw cut has rules in the specification. When the double ruler is delivered, only positive errors are allowed, and negative deviations are not allowed.

5. Narrow ruler

The width is less than the lower limit of the indefinite width of the standard rule, but not less than the narrowest width promised. When delivering the goods according to the narrow rule, it is necessary to pay attention to the narrow rule share and the narrowest rule of the relevant regulations.

6. Short feet

The length is less than the lower limit of the indefinite length of the titanium pipe specification rules, but not less than the shortest length allowed is called short length. For example, the rules in the specification for water and gas transportation of titanium pipes allow 10% (according to the number of pieces) of short-length titanium pipes of 2-4m in each batch. 4m is the lower limit of indefinite length, and the minimum length allowed is 2m.

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Advantages of titanium alloy pipe

TC4 titanium alloy has a series of advantages such as excellent corrosion resistance, low density, high specific strength, better toughness and weldability, etc., and has been successfully applied in the aerospace, petrochemical, shipbuilding, automotive and pharmaceutical sectors. During the hot forming process of TC4 titanium alloy, a layer of oxide scale will be formed on the surface, and the color of the obtained oxide scale will be different at different hot forming temperatures. Among them, when the thermoforming temperature is about 600°C, the oxide scale is blue; when the thermoforming temperature is about 850°C, the oxide scale is gray to reddish; and when the thermoforming temperature is 900°C, the oxide scale is gray. With the increase of temperature, the difficulty of removing oxide scale gradually increases. The removal of titanium alloy scale at home and abroad mostly adopts a two-step method, that is, first molten alkali washing and then acid washing; however, the temperature of molten alkali washing medium is higher, which can reach about 450℃, and it is easy to cause semi-finished products of α+β and β titanium alloy The premature aging strengthening of sulphate brings difficulties to further processing. In addition, washing with nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid after hot alkaline washing may also cause hydrogen embrittlement corrosion on the surface of the titanium alloy.

The researchers studied the process of removing the oxide layer on the surface of the oxide scale obtained at the three temperatures of 590, 850, and 920°C by first washing with a low-temperature alkaline solution and then pickling.

The lye used in the test is a mixed supersaturated solution of industrial pure NaOH and industrial pure NaNO2, and a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid (volume ratio HF:HNO3:H2O=1:1:3) is used for pickling. The TC4 titanium alloy that has been washed with hot alkali and washed with water is completely immersed in the acid solution for 20 seconds and then taken out, and then washed with tap water. Finally, the aforesaid sample was cleaned by acetone or alcohol ultrasonic wave and then dried and weighed. The mass of the sample before and after hot alkaline washing and acid washing was measured with an electronic balance, with an accuracy of 0.001g. The analysis shows that the oxide scale on the surface of the TC4 titanium alloy can be completely removed by the process of hot alkaline washing and then acid washing. conclusion as below:

(1) The thickness of TC4 titanium alloy hot forming surface oxide scale is less than 2μm.

(2) Through the hot alkaline washing and pickling process, the oxide scale on the surface of the TC4 titanium alloy can be completely removed. The lye ratio is 700g/L NaOH+250g/L NaNO2, and the boiling temperature is about 160℃. Soaking for 6h can achieve the removal effect.

(3) The hydrogen mass fraction of TC4 titanium alloy with an oxide scale does not change much through the hot alkaline washing and pickling process, which meets the production needs.

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Processing characteristics of titanium alloy pipe

1. Crevice corrosion: Titanium rod manufacturers pointed out that crevice corrosion is a local corrosion phenomenon that occurs in close gaps, which can be caused by structures (such as flange connection surface or gasket surface, tube and tube sheet expansion joint, and The connecting surface of bolts or rivets, etc.) can also be caused by scaling or deposits under the covering surface. In the early days, it was believed that titanium did not undergo crevice corrosion at all in seawater and salt spray. Later, in high-temperature chloride medium (such as seawater heat exchanger), wet chlorine gas (such as wet chlorine gas tube condenser), oxidant corrosion inhibition hydrochloric acid solution In media such as formic acid and oxalic acid solutions, crevice corrosion damage of equipment has occurred successively.

Crevice corrosion of titanium rods is related to many factors such as ambient temperature, chloride type and concentration, pH value, and the size and geometry of the crevice. In addition, the crevices composed of titanium and polytetrafluoroethylene, titanium and asbestos and other non-metals are more sensitive to crevice corrosion than those composed of titanium and titanium.

2. Pitting corrosion: Pitting corrosion is a form of corrosion peculiar to passivated metals. Compared with stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the pitting corrosion resistance of titanium is very good. Due to the increasing application of titanium in high-temperature concentrated chloride solutions, the number of pitting corrosion cases of titanium equipment has gradually increased.

The titanium anode basket in electrolytic zinc, the titanium coil heated in zinc chloride solution, and the titanium ball valve of 72% calcium chloride solution at 175℃ have all experienced pitting damage. Generally speaking, pitting corrosion of titanium is more difficult than crevice corrosion, which usually occurs in the form of pitting corrosion on the crevice surface.

3. Galvanic corrosion: Galvanic corrosion is a phenomenon in which dissimilar metals contact (including electrical contact) in the electrolyte solution. Due to the difference in the steady-state potential of the metal, one metal accelerates the corrosion of another metal (ie, anode dissolution). The oxide film is very stable, and it is always in the cathode state. Galvanic corrosion will not accelerate the anode dissolution of titanium.

However, titanium rod manufacturers believe that it is necessary to pay attention to the hydrogen absorption of titanium in the cathode state and ultimately lead to hydrogen embrittlement, and it is necessary to prevent the accelerated corrosion of coupling metals (such as aluminum, copper, zinc, etc.). The size of the galvanic corrosion of the metal depends on the difference of the galvanic sequence of the coupled metal in the medium.

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The role of titanium plate in seawater purification

The environment for repair welding of titanium pipes must not have flowing air. Other aspects are the same as repair welding in the welding box. But pay special attention to:

1. The repair welding area should not be too large, the nitrogen flow during repair welding should be larger, and the gas cannot be stopped in the middle;

2. After the repair welding is completed, nitrogen protection should be continued until the area is cooled;

3. For some special castings, such as complex thin-walled castings, in order to prevent the back surface of the repair welding area from being oxidized, argon gas can be blown on the backside until the casting is cooled;

Fourth, repair welding operators are required to have a higher technical level.

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